Target Information
Target General Information | Top | |||||
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Target ID |
T01318
(Former ID: TTDS00059)
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Target Name |
Plasmodium Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (Malaria DHOdehase)
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Synonyms |
PFF0160c; Mitochondrially bound dihydroorotate-ubiqui oxidoreductase; Dihydroorotate oxidase of Plasmodium falciparum; Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase of Plasmodium falciparum; DHOdehase of Plasmodium falciparum; DHODase; DHODH of Plasmodium falciparum; DHOD
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Gene Name |
Malaria DHOdehase
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Target Type |
Successful target
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[1] | ||||
Disease | [+] 5 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
1 | Fungal infection [ICD-11: 1F29-1F2F] | |||||
2 | Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [ICD-11: 5C80] | |||||
3 | Malaria [ICD-11: 1F40-1F45] | |||||
4 | Multiple sclerosis [ICD-11: 8A40] | |||||
5 | Rheumatoid arthritis [ICD-11: FA20] | |||||
Function |
Catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate with quinone as electron acceptor.
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BioChemical Class |
CH-CH donor oxidoreductase
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UniProt ID | ||||||
EC Number |
EC 1.3.5.2
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Sequence |
MISKLKPQFMFLPKKHILSYCRKDVLNLFEQKFYYTSKRKESNNMKNESLLRLINYNRYY
NKIDSNNYYNGGKILSNDRQYIYSPLCEYKKKINDISSYVSVPFKINIRNLGTSNFVNNK KDVLDNDYIYENIKKEKSKHKKIIFLLFVSLFGLYGFFESYNPEFFLYDIFLKFCLKYID GEICHDLFLLLGKYNILPYDTSNDSIYACTNIKHLDFINPFGVAAGFDKNGVCIDSILKL GFSFIEIGTITPRGQTGNAKPRIFRDVESRSIINSCGFNNMGCDKVTENLILFRKRQEED KLLSKHIVGVSIGKNKDTVNIVDDLKYCINKIGRYADYIAINVSSPNTPGLRDNQEAGKL KNIILSVKEEIDNLEKNNIMNDESTYNEDNKIVEKKNNFNKNNSHMMKDAKDNFLWFNTT KKKPLVFVKLAPDLNQEQKKEIADVLLETNIDGMIISNTTTQINDIKSFENKKGGVSGAK LKDISTKFICEMYNYTNKQIPIIASGGIFSGLDALEKIEAGASVCQLYSCLVFNGMKSAV QIKRELNHLLYQRGYYNLKEAIGRKHSKS Click to Show/Hide
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Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
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Approved Drug(s) | [+] 4 Approved Drugs | + | ||||
1 | Artemisinin | Drug Info | Approved | Malaria | [2] | |
2 | Atovaquone | Drug Info | Approved | Fungal infection | [2] | |
3 | Leflunomide | Drug Info | Approved | Arthritis | [3], [4], [5] | |
4 | Teriflunomide | Drug Info | Approved | Hyperlipidaemia | [6] | |
Clinical Trial Drug(s) | [+] 1 Clinical Trial Drugs | + | ||||
1 | Avastin+/-Tarceva | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Non-small-cell lung cancer | [7] | |
Mode of Action | [+] 1 Modes of Action | + | ||||
Inhibitor | [+] 46 Inhibitor drugs | + | ||||
1 | Artemisinin | Drug Info | [2] | |||
2 | Atovaquone | Drug Info | [1], [8], [9], [10] | |||
3 | Leflunomide | Drug Info | [11], [12], [13], [14] | |||
4 | Teriflunomide | Drug Info | [15], [16] | |||
5 | Avastin+/-Tarceva | Drug Info | [9] | |||
6 | 1,4-Naphthoquinone | Drug Info | [9] | |||
7 | 1-hydroxy-2-dodecyl-4(1H)quinolone | Drug Info | [17] | |||
8 | 2-(2-bromo-2-naphthamido)benzoic acid | Drug Info | [18] | |||
9 | 2-(2-naphthamido)benzoic acid | Drug Info | [18] | |||
10 | 2-(3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)ureido)benzoic acid | Drug Info | [19] | |||
11 | 2-[(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)-amino]-benzoic acid | Drug Info | [18] | |||
12 | 3,6,9,12,15-PENTAOXATRICOSAN-1-OL | Drug Info | [20] | |||
13 | 3-hydroxy-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid | Drug Info | [21] | |||
14 | 5,8-hydroxy-naphthoquinone | Drug Info | [9] | |||
15 | 5-Fluoro orotate | Drug Info | [22] | |||
16 | 8-aminoquinolines | Drug Info | [10] | |||
17 | Acetate Ion | Drug Info | [23] | |||
18 | Antimycin A | Drug Info | [24] | |||
19 | Antiproliferative Agent A771726 | Drug Info | [23] | |||
20 | B-Octylglucoside | Drug Info | [23] | |||
21 | Cinchoninic acid | Drug Info | [9] | |||
22 | Cyanide | Drug Info | [24] | |||
23 | Decylamine-N,N-Dimethyl-N-Oxide | Drug Info | [23] | |||
24 | Dichloroally-lawsone | Drug Info | [9] | |||
25 | Dichloroallyl lawsone | Drug Info | [25] | |||
26 | Diethyl 2-((biphenyl-3-ylamino)methylene)malonate | Drug Info | [26] | |||
27 | Dihydroorotate | Drug Info | [27] | |||
28 | DSM1 | Drug Info | [28] | |||
29 | DSM2 | Drug Info | [28] | |||
30 | Ethyl 3-(biphenyl-3-ylamino)-2-cyanoacrylate | Drug Info | [26] | |||
31 | GNF-PF-85 | Drug Info | [29] | |||
32 | Isoxazol | Drug Info | [9] | |||
33 | Lauryl Dimethylamine-N-Oxide | Drug Info | [23] | |||
34 | LY214352 | Drug Info | [30] | |||
35 | N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzamide | Drug Info | [26] | |||
36 | N-(4-bromo-2-methylphenyl)-2-naphthamide | Drug Info | [26] | |||
37 | N-(Biphenyl-4-yl)-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enamide | Drug Info | [31] | |||
38 | NSC 665564 | Drug Info | [32] | |||
39 | Orotate | Drug Info | [22] | |||
40 | Orotic acid | Drug Info | [27] | |||
41 | Plumbagin | Drug Info | [9] | |||
42 | Polyporic acid | Drug Info | [9] | |||
43 | Redoxal | Drug Info | [25], [33] | |||
44 | Salicylhydroxamic acid | Drug Info | [24] | |||
45 | Triazine | Drug Info | [9] | |||
46 | Undecylamine-n,n-dimethyl-n-oxide | Drug Info | [20] |
Drug Binding Sites of Target | Top | |||||
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Ligand Name: Teriflunomide | Ligand Info | |||||
Structure Description | Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase with a bound inhibitor | PDB:1TV5 | ||||
Method | X-ray diffraction | Resolution | 2.40 Å | Mutation | No | [34] |
PDB Sequence |
FESYNPEFFL
167 YDIFLKFCLK177 YIDGEICHDL187 FLLLGKYNIL197 PYDTSNDSIY207 ACTNIKHLDF 217 INPFGVAAGF227 DKNGVCIDSI237 LKLGFSFIEI247 GTITPRGQTG257 NAKPRIFRDV 267 ESRSIINSCG277 FNNMGCDKVT287 ENLILFRKRQ297 EEDKLLSKHI307 VGVSIGKNKD 317 TVNIVDDLKY327 CINKIGRYAD337 YIAINVSSPN347 TPGLRDNQEA357 GKLKNIILSV 367 KEEIDNLEFL415 WFNTTKKKPL425 VFVKLAPDLN435 QEQKKEIADV445 LLETNIDGMI 455 ISNTTTQIND465 IKSFENKKGG475 VSGAKLKDIS485 TKFICEMYNY495 TNKQIPIIAS 505 GGIFSGLDAL515 EKIEAGASVC525 QLYSCLVFNG535 MKSAVQIKRE545 LNHLLYQRGY 555 YNLKEAIGRK565 H
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Ligand Name: 3,6,9,12,15-PENTAOXATRICOSAN-1-OL | Ligand Info | |||||
Structure Description | Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase with a bound inhibitor | PDB:1TV5 | ||||
Method | X-ray diffraction | Resolution | 2.40 Å | Mutation | No | [34] |
PDB Sequence |
FESYNPEFFL
167 YDIFLKFCLK177 YIDGEICHDL187 FLLLGKYNIL197 PYDTSNDSIY207 ACTNIKHLDF 217 INPFGVAAGF227 DKNGVCIDSI237 LKLGFSFIEI247 GTITPRGQTG257 NAKPRIFRDV 267 ESRSIINSCG277 FNNMGCDKVT287 ENLILFRKRQ297 EEDKLLSKHI307 VGVSIGKNKD 317 TVNIVDDLKY327 CINKIGRYAD337 YIAINVSSPN347 TPGLRDNQEA357 GKLKNIILSV 367 KEEIDNLEFL415 WFNTTKKKPL425 VFVKLAPDLN435 QEQKKEIADV445 LLETNIDGMI 455 ISNTTTQIND465 IKSFENKKGG475 VSGAKLKDIS485 TKFICEMYNY495 TNKQIPIIAS 505 GGIFSGLDAL515 EKIEAGASVC525 QLYSCLVFNG535 MKSAVQIKRE545 LNHLLYQRGY 555 YNLKEAIGRK565 H
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Click to View More Binding Site Information of This Target with Different Ligands |
Different Human System Profiles of Target | Top |
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Human Similarity Proteins
of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.
A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs
(Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).
Human Similarity Proteins
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There is no similarity protein (E value < 0.005) for this target
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Drug Property Profile of Target | Top | |
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(1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering | (2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering | |
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(3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering | (4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering | |
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(5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering | (6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering | |
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"RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five |
Co-Targets | Top | |||||
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Co-Targets |
Target Poor or Non Binders | Top | |||||
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Target Poor or Non Binders |
Target Profiles in Patients | Top | |||||
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Target Expression Profile (TEP) |
Target Affiliated Biological Pathways | Top | |||||
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KEGG Pathway | [+] 2 KEGG Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Pyrimidine metabolism | |||||
2 | Metabolic pathways | |||||
Pathwhiz Pathway | [+] 1 Pathwhiz Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Pyrimidine Metabolism | |||||
Reactome | [+] 1 Reactome Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Pyrimidine biosynthesis | |||||
WikiPathways | [+] 1 WikiPathways | + | ||||
1 | Metabolism of nucleotides |
Target-Related Models and Studies | Top | |||||
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Target Validation | ||||||
Target QSAR Model |
References | Top | |||||
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REF 1 | Inhibitor binding in a class 2 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase causes variations in the membrane-associated N-terminal domain. Protein Sci. 2004 Apr;13(4):1031-42. | |||||
REF 2 | The fight against drug-resistant malaria: novel plasmodial targets and antimalarial drugs. Curr Med Chem. 2008;15(2):161-71. | |||||
REF 3 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6825). | |||||
REF 4 | Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013 Feb;12(2):87-90. | |||||
REF 5 | New drugs in development for the treatment of endometriosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2008 Aug;17(8):1187-202. | |||||
REF 6 | Emerging drugs in peripheral arterial disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 Mar;11(1):75-90. | |||||
REF 7 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Roche. | |||||
REF 8 | Effects of atovaquone and diospyrin-based drugs on the cellular ATP of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Mar;44(3):713-9. | |||||
REF 9 | Kinetics of inhibition of human and rat dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by atovaquone, lawsone derivatives, brequinar sodium and polyporic acid. Chem Biol Interact. 2000 Jan 3;124(1):61-76. | |||||
REF 10 | The effects of antimalarials on the Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Exp Parasitol. 1994 Aug;79(1):50-6. | |||||
REF 11 | Identification and characterization of potential new therapeutic targets in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Eur J Biochem. 1999 Dec;266(3):1184-91. | |||||
REF 12 | Expression, purification, and characterization of histidine-tagged rat and human flavoenzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Protein Expr Purif. 1998 Aug;13(3):414-22. | |||||
REF 13 | Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is a target for the biological effects of leflunomide. Transplant Proc. 1996 Dec;28(6):3088-91. | |||||
REF 14 | Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by the immunosuppressive agent leflunomide. Biochem Pharmacol. 1995 Sep 7;50(6):861-7. | |||||
REF 15 | Expression and characterization of E. coli-produced soluble, functional human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase: a potential target for immunosuppression. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 1999 Aug;1(1):183-8. | |||||
REF 16 | Species-related inhibition of human and rat dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by immunosuppressive isoxazol and cinchoninic acid derivatives. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 Nov 1;56(9):1259-64. | |||||
REF 17 | Type II NADH dehydrogenase of the respiratory chain of Plasmodium falciparum and its inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Feb 1;19(3):972-5. | |||||
REF 18 | The first de novo designed inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Jan 1;16(1):88-92. | |||||
REF 19 | Discovery of novel inhibitors for DHODH via virtual screening and X-ray crystallographic structures. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Mar 15;20(6):1981-4. | |||||
REF 20 | The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. | |||||
REF 21 | Synthesis and biological evaluation of quinoline salicylic acids as P-selectin antagonists. J Med Chem. 2007 Jan 11;50(1):21-39. | |||||
REF 22 | Antimalarial activity of orotate analogs that inhibit dihydroorotase and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Mar 17;43(6):1295-301. | |||||
REF 23 | How many drug targets are there Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. | |||||
REF 24 | Effects of atovaquone and other inhibitors on Pneumocystis carinii dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Feb;39(2):325-8. | |||||
REF 25 | Malarial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Substrate and inhibitor specificity. J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 1;277(44):41827-34. | |||||
REF 26 | Design and synthesis of potent inhibitors of the malaria parasite dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. J Med Chem. 2007 Jan 25;50(2):186-91. | |||||
REF 27 | Structure-activity relationships of pyrimidines as dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Oct 15;37(20):3807-16. | |||||
REF 28 | Plasmodium dihydroorotate dehydrogenase: a promising target for novel anti-malarial chemotherapy. Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2010 Jun;10(3):226-39. | |||||
REF 29 | Triazolopyrimidine-based dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors with potent and selective activity against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falcipa... J Med Chem. 2008 Jun 26;51(12):3649-53. | |||||
REF 30 | Identification of a new antifungal target site through a dual biochemical and molecular-genetics approach. Curr Genet. 1996 Jul 31;30(2):159-65. | |||||
REF 31 | Structure-based design, synthesis, and characterization of inhibitors of human and Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenases. J Med Chem. 2009 May 14;52(9):2683-93. | |||||
REF 32 | Identification of a novel inhibitor (NSC 665564) of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase with a potency equivalent to brequinar. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Jun 25;223(3):654-9. | |||||
REF 33 | Redoxal as a new lead structure for dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors: a kinetic study of the inhibition mechanism. FEBS Lett. 2000 Feb 4;467(1):27-30. | |||||
REF 34 | Structure of Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase with a bound inhibitor. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2006 Mar;62(Pt 3):312-23. |
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