Target Information

Target General Infomation
Target ID
T80896
Former ID
TTDS00250
Target Name
Estrogen receptor beta
Gene Name
ESR2
Synonyms
Beta-1; ER-beta; Erbeta; Oestrogen receptor beta; ESR2
Target Type
Successful
Disease Breast cancer [ICD9: 174, 175; ICD10: C50]
Cushing's disease [ICD9: 255; ICD10: E24.0]
Cancer [ICD9: 140-229; ICD10: C00-C96]
Carcinoma [ICD9: 230-234; ICD10: D00-D09]
Estrogen deficiency [ICD10: E28.39]
Hyperlipidaemia [ICD9: 272.0-272.4; ICD10: E78]
Hepatitis virus infection [ICD9: 573.3; ICD10: K75.9]
Hot flashes [ICD10: N95.1]
Inflammatory bowel disease [ICD9: 555, 556; ICD10: K50, K51]
Inflammatory disease [ICD9: 140-229, 147, 173, 573.3, 710-719; ICD10: C11, C44, K75.9, M00-M25]
Irregularities [ICD10: N92.6]
Menopause symptoms [ICD10: N95.0]
Ocular disease [ICD10: H00-H59]
Prostate cancer [ICD9: 185; ICD10: C61]
Prostate hyperplasia [ICD10: N40]
Sepsis [ICD9: 995.91; ICD10: A40, A41]
Trematode infection [ICD10: B66.9]
Vasomotor symptoms [ICD9: 627.2; ICD10: N95.1]
Function
Nuclear hormone receptor. binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of esr1, and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner. Isoform beta-cx lacks ligand binding ability.
BioChemical Class
Nuclear hormone receptor
Target Validation
T80896
UniProt ID
Q92731
Sequence
MDIKNSPSSLNSPSSYNCSQSILPLEHGSIYIPSSYVDSHHEYPAMTFYSPAVMNYSIPS
NVTNLEGGPGRQTTSPNVLWPTPGHLSPLVVHRQLSHLYAEPQKSPWCEARSLEHTLPVN
RETLKRKVSGNRCASPVTGPGSKRDAHFCAVCSDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGH
NDYICPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMVKCGSRRERCGYRLVRRQRSADEQLH
CAGKAKRSGGHAPRVRELLLDALSPEQLVLTLLEAEPPHVLISRPSAPFTEASMMMSLTK
LADKELVHMISWAKKIPGFVELSLFDQVRLLESCWMEVLMMGLMWRSIDHPGKLIFAPDL
VLDRDEGKCVEGILEIFDMLLATTSRFRELKLQHKEYLCVKAMILLNSSMYPLVTATQDA
DSSRKLAHLLNAVTDALVWVIAKSGISSQQQSMRLANLLMLLSHVRHASNKGMEHLLNMK
CKNVVPVYDLLLEMLNAHVLRGCKSSITGSECSPAEDSKSKEGSQNPQSQ
Drugs and Mode of Action
Drug(s) ARZOXIFENE Drug Info Approved Breast cancer [521695], [549961]
Conjugated Estrogens Drug Info Approved Vasomotor symptoms [529091], [536361]
Estrogen Drug Info Approved Menopause symptoms [551871]
Premarin Drug Info Approved Menopause [523937]
Trilostane Drug Info Approved Cushing's disease [538514], [541930]
MF-101 Drug Info Phase 3 Hepatitis virus infection [522672]
Premarin/Pravachol Drug Info Phase 3 Hyperlipidaemia [535747]
AUS-131 Drug Info Phase 2 Hot flashes [548914]
ERB-041 Drug Info Phase 2 Inflammatory bowel disease [521827], [541807]
Erteberel Drug Info Phase 2 Prostate hyperplasia [524322]
Genistein Drug Info Phase 2 Prostate cancer [536772], [539868]
VG-101 Drug Info Phase 1/2 Menopause symptoms [521993]
ERB-257 Drug Info Phase 1 Sepsis [522385]
NARINGENIN Drug Info Phase 1 Discovery agent [522980]
BITHIONOL Drug Info Withdrawn from market Trematode infection [539482], [551871]
HEXESTROL Drug Info Withdrawn from market Irregularities [533402], [534328], [539866]
EM-800 Drug Info Discontinued in Phase 3 Estrogen deficiency [546717]
ERB-196 Drug Info Discontinued in Phase 1 Inflammatory bowel disease [548018]
ICI-164384 Drug Info Terminated Breast cancer [544737]
LY-117018 Drug Info Terminated Discovery agent [544760]
ZK-119010 Drug Info Terminated Carcinoma [529380]
Inhibitor 1,2-Bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3H-inden-5-ol Drug Info [527738]
1,8-Dichloro-6-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
1-Bromo-6-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
1-Chloro-6-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
1-CHLORO-6-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)-2-NAPHTHOL Drug Info [551374]
1-Fluoro-6-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
2,3-diphenyl-1H-indole Drug Info [527797]
2-(2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(3-Butoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-6-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-6-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-6-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2'-spirobi[1H-indene]-5-ol Drug Info [526532]
2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2'-spirobi[1H-indene]-6-ol Drug Info [526532]
2-(4-Hydroxy-naphthalen-1-yl)-benzooxazol-6-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-p-tolyl-3H-inden-5-ol Drug Info [527738]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-4-methoxy-quinolin-6-ol Drug Info [527681]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-4-vinyl-quinolin-6-ol Drug Info [527681]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-7-isopropyl-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-7-methoxy-benzofuran-5-ol Drug Info [527198]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-7-methoxy-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-7-methyl-benzofuran-5-ol Drug Info [527198]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-7-phenyl-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-7-propenyl-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-7-propyl-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-7-vinyl-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-benzofuran-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-6-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-quinolin-6-ol Drug Info [527681]
2-(4-HYDROXY-PHENYL)BENZOFURAN-5-OL Drug Info [551374]
2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2'-spirobi[1H-indene]-5-ol Drug Info [526532]
2-(5-Hydroxy-naphthalen-1-yl)-benzooxazol-6-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(6-Hydroxy-naphthalen-1-yl)-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(6-Hydroxy-naphthalen-1-yl)-benzooxazol-6-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(6-Hydroxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-(6-Hydroxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-benzooxazol-6-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-Naphthalen-1-yl-benzooxazol-6-ol Drug Info [527232]
2-phenyl-1,2'-spirobi[1H-indene]-5'-ol Drug Info [526532]
3'-Methoxy-4'Hydroxyclomiphene Drug Info [533383]
3,4,6-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-inden-1-one Drug Info [527546]
3,6-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-inden-1-one Drug Info [527546]
3,8-dihydroxy-4-methyl-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one Drug Info [527966]
3,8-dihydroxy-7-methyl-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one Drug Info [527966]
3-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-benzo[d]isoxazol-6-ol Drug Info [527232]
3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-4H-chromen-7-ol Drug Info [527550]
3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-benzo[d]isoxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-benzo[d]isoxazol-6-ol Drug Info [527232]
3-(5-Hydroxy-benzooxazol-2-yl)-benzene-1,2-diol Drug Info [527232]
3-(6-Hydroxy-benzooxazol-2-yl)-benzene-1,2-diol Drug Info [527232]
3-chloro-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)salicylaldoxime Drug Info [529314]
3-hydroxy-4,10-dimethyl-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one Drug Info [527966]
3-hydroxy-4,7-dimethyl-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one Drug Info [527966]
3-hydroxy-4-methyl-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one Drug Info [527966]
3-hydroxy-8,10-dimethyl-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one Drug Info [527966]
3-[1-ethyl-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)butyl]phenol Drug Info [533407]
4',5,7-trihydroxy-6,8-dimethylisoflavone Drug Info [526493]
4,10-dimethyl-6H-benzo[c]chromene-3,8-diol Drug Info [527966]
4,6,10-trimethyl-6H-benzo[c]chromene-3,8-diol Drug Info [527966]
4,6,6,7-tetramethyl-6H-benzo[c]chromene-3,8-diol Drug Info [527966]
4,6,7,10-tetramethyl-6H-benzo[c]chromene-3,8-diol Drug Info [527966]
4,6,7-trimethyl-6H-benzo[c]chromene-3,8-diol Drug Info [527966]
4,7-dimethyl-6H-benzo[c]chromene-3,8-diol Drug Info [527966]
4-(2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)phenol Drug Info [527797]
4-(2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)phenol Drug Info [527797]
4-(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-indol-2-yl)phenol Drug Info [527797]
4-(3-phenyl-1H-indol-2-yl)phenol Drug Info [527797]
4-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)-1-NAPHTHALDEHYDE OXIME Drug Info [551374]
4-(5-Hydroxy-benzooxazol-2-yl)-benzene-1,3-diol Drug Info [527232]
4-(6-Hydroxy-benzooxazol-2-yl)-benzene-1,2-diol Drug Info [527232]
4-(6-Hydroxy-benzooxazol-2-yl)-benzene-1,3-diol Drug Info [527232]
4-Benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl-benzene-1,3-diol Drug Info [527232]
4-Bromo-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-quinolin-6-ol Drug Info [527681]
4-Chloro-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-quinolin-6-ol Drug Info [527681]
4-Ethyl-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-quinolin-6-ol Drug Info [527681]
4-Ethynyl-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-quinolin-6-ol Drug Info [527681]
4-Naphthalen-2-yl-phenol Drug Info [527584]
4-[1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)but-1-enyl]phenol Drug Info [526589]
4-[1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hex-1-enyl]phenol Drug Info [526589]
4-[1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-enyl]phenol Drug Info [526589]
4-[1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)vinyl]phenol Drug Info [526589]
4-[2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylvinyl]phenol Drug Info [526589]
5,7-dihydroxy-3-phenyl-3H-quinazolin-4-one Drug Info [528131]
5-Bromo-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-quinolin-6-ol Drug Info [527681]
5-Chloro-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-6-ol Drug Info [527232]
5-Chloro-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-quinolin-6-ol Drug Info [527681]
6-(2,5-Difluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(2,6-Difluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(2-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(3,5-Difluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-1-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-methoxy-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-methyl-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-nitro-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-phenyl-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-1-ol Drug Info [527584]
6-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527681]
6-Chloro-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
6-ethyl-4,7-dimethyl-6H-benzo[c]chromene-3,8-diol Drug Info [527966]
6-Phenyl-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
7-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
7-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
7-Allyl-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
7-Bromo-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzofuran-5-ol Drug Info [527198]
7-Bromo-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
7-Butyl-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
7-Chloro-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzofuran-5-ol Drug Info [527198]
7-Ethyl-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
7-Ethynyl-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzooxazol-5-ol Drug Info [527232]
7-hydroxy-1,2,9,9a-tetrahydrofluoren-3-one Drug Info [528152]
7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-quinazolin-4-one Drug Info [528131]
7-Phenyl-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
8-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)naringenin Drug Info [528557]
8-(2-methylpropyl)naringenin Drug Info [528557]
8-(3-methylbutyl)naringenin Drug Info [528557]
8-benzylnaringenin Drug Info [528557]
8-Chloro-6-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
8-Fluoro-6-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-ol Drug Info [527584]
8-methylnaringenin Drug Info [528557]
8-n-heptylnaringenin Drug Info [528557]
8-n-nonylnaringenin Drug Info [528557]
8-n-pentylnaringenin Drug Info [528557]
8-n-propylnaringenin Drug Info [528557]
8-n-undecylnaringenin Drug Info [528557]
Acetate Ion Drug Info [551393]
ANDROSTENEDIOL Drug Info [529061]
ARZOXIFENE Drug Info [528827]
BITHIONOL Drug Info [531262]
BROUSSONIN A Drug Info [530935]
COUMESTROL Drug Info [527550]
CP-394531 Drug Info [526345]
CP-409069 Drug Info [526345]
DIADZEIN Drug Info [526493]
DIHYDRORALOXIFENE Drug Info [525493]
Doxorubicin-Formaldehyde Conjugate Drug Info [526966]
EFFUSOL Drug Info [527966]
Estrogen platinum(II) hybrid derivative Drug Info [527267]
Geldanamycin-estradiol hybrid Drug Info [525501]
GNF-PF-3037 Drug Info [531262]
HEXESTROL Drug Info [551316]
ICI-164384 Drug Info [530807]
LY-117018 Drug Info [531906]
MORIN Drug Info [531262]
NAFOXIDINE Drug Info [534677]
NARINGENIN Drug Info [528557]
Para-Mercury-Benzenesulfonic Acid Drug Info [551393]
Pipendoxifene Drug Info [526057]
SOPHORAFLAVANONE B Drug Info [528557]
THIOGENISTEIN Drug Info [528131]
TUPICHINOL C Drug Info [530935]
WAY-169916 Drug Info [527327]
ZK-119010 Drug Info [531064]
ZK-164015 Drug Info [527179]
[1,1':2',1'']Terphenyl-4'-carbaldehyde oxime Drug Info [526711]
Agonist AUS-131 Drug Info [527547]
bisphenol A Drug Info [532398]
diarylpropionitril Drug Info [526191]
ERB-002 Drug Info [543899]
ERB-041 Drug Info [532547], [551871]
ERB-196 Drug Info [528229]
ERB-257 Drug Info [548900]
Erteberel Drug Info [549074]
Estrogen Drug Info [534944]
GTx-878 Drug Info [543899]
KB-9520 Drug Info [543899]
NDC-1022 Drug Info [543899]
VG-101 Drug Info [544204]
WAY200070 Drug Info [527232]
Antagonist Conjugated Estrogens Drug Info [535660], [536952]
EM-800 Drug Info [538072]
HPTE Drug Info [525459]
MF-101 Drug Info [529943]
PHTPP Drug Info [528623]
Premarin Drug Info [535660], [536952]
R,R-THC Drug Info [525532]
Trans-hydroxytamoxifen Drug Info [535376]
Modulator Estrogen receptor beta modulators Drug Info [543899]
Genistein Drug Info
GTx-822 Drug Info [543899]
Premarin/Pravachol Drug Info [535747]
Trilostane Drug Info [556264]
Target Expression Profile (TEP) and Drug Resistance Mutation (DRM)
TEP EXP Info
Pathways
KEGG Pathway Estrogen signaling pathway
Prolactin signaling pathway
Pathway Interaction Database Plasma membrane estrogen receptor signaling
Validated nuclear estrogen receptor beta network
Validated nuclear estrogen receptor alpha network
Reactome Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway
WikiPathways SIDS Susceptibility Pathways
Ovarian Infertility Genes
Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway
Nuclear Receptors
References
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Ref 521827ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00318500) Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of ERB-041 on Reduction of Symptoms Associated With Endometriosis in Reproductive-Aged Women. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 521993ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00453089) VG101 Phase I/II to Treat Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy in Post-Menopausal Women. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 522385ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00722202) Study Evaluating the Safety and Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Ascending Single IV Doses of ERB-257 in Healthy Japanese Males. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 522672ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00906308) A Study of MF101 in Postmenopausal Women. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Ref 522980ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01091077) A Pilot Study of the Grapefruit Flavonoid Naringenin for HCV Infection. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
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Ref 535747Lovastatin and beyond: the history of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2003 Jul;2(7):517-26.
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Ref 536772New drugs in development for the treatment of endometriosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2008 Aug;17(8):1187-202.
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Ref 539868(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2826).
Ref 541807(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6700).
Ref 541930(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6850).
Ref 544737Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000792)
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Ref 548018Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800021229)
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Ref 549961Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Lilly.
Ref 551871Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
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Ref 526191Estrogen receptor-beta potency-selective ligands: structure-activity relationship studies of diarylpropionitriles and their acetylene and polar analogues. J Med Chem. 2001 Nov 22;44(24):4230-51.
Ref 526345J Med Chem. 2002 Jun 6;45(12):2417-24.Discovery of potent, nonsteroidal, and highly selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonists.
Ref 526493J Nat Prod. 2002 Dec;65(12):1749-53.Isolation and structure elucidation of an isoflavone and a sesterterpenoic acid from Henriettella fascicularis.
Ref 526532Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2003 Feb 10;13(3):479-83.2-Phenylspiroindenes: a novel class of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).
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Ref 526711J Med Chem. 2003 Sep 11;46(19):4032-42.Novel estrogen receptor ligands based on an anthranylaldoxime structure: role of the phenol-type pseudocycle in the binding process.
Ref 526966J Med Chem. 2004 Feb 26;47(5):1193-206.Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of doxorubicin-formaldehyde conjugates targeted to breast cancer cells.
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