Target Information
Target General Infomation | |||||
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Target ID |
T09130
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Former ID |
TTDI01749
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Target Name |
Muscarinic receptor
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Target Type |
Successful
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Disease | Asthma [ICD10: J45] | ||||
Allergic rhinitis [ICD9: 472.0, 477, 995.3; ICD10: J00, J30, J31.0, T78.4] | |||||
Alzheimer disease [ICD9: 331; ICD10: G30] | |||||
Amnesia [ICD10: F04] | |||||
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ICD9: 490-492, 494-496; ICD10: J40-J44, J47] | |||||
Cognitive disorders [ICD9: 290-294, 294.0, 780.09, 780.9, 780.93; ICD10: F01-F07, F04, F05, R41.3] | |||||
Overactive bladder disorder [ICD9: 188, 596.51; ICD10: C67, N32.81] | |||||
Urinary incontinence [ICD9: 788.3; ICD10: N39.3, N39.4, R32] | |||||
Xerostomia [ICD9: 527.7; ICD10: K11.7, R68.2] | |||||
Function |
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through theaction of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.
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BioChemical Class |
GPCR rhodopsin
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Sequence |
MTLHNNSTTSPLFPNISSSWIHSPSDAGLPPGTVTHFGSYNVSRAAGNFSSPDGTTDDPL
GGHTVWQVVFIAFLTGILALVTIIGNILVIVSFKVNKQLKTVNNYFLLSLACADLIIGVI SMNLFTTYIIMNRWALGNLACDLWLAIDYVASNASVMNLLVISFDRYFSITRPLTYRAKR TTKRAGVMIGLAWVISFVLWAPAILFWQYFVGKRTVPPGECFIQFLSEPTITFGTAIAAF YMPVTIMTILYWRIYKETEKRTKELAGLQASGTEAETENFVHPTGSSRSCSSYELQQQSM KRSNRRKYGRCHFWFTTKSWKPSSEQMDQDHSSSDSWNNNDAAASLENSASSDEEDIGSE TRAIYSIVLKLPGHSTILNSTKLPSSDNLQVPEEELGMVDLERKADKLQAQKSVDDGGSF PKSFSKLPIQLESAVDTAKTSDVNSSVGKSTATLPLSFKEATLAKRFALKTRSQITKRKR MSLVKEKKAAQTLSAILLAFIITWTPYNIMVLVNTFCDSCIPKTFWNLGYWLCYINSTVN PVCYALCNKTFRTTFKMLLLCQCDKKKRRKQQYQQRQSVIFHKRAPEQAL |
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Drugs and Mode of Action | |||||
Drug(s) | Incruse Ellipta | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [551871] |
Isopropamide iodide | Drug Info | Approved | Allergic rhinitis | [551871] | |
Oxybutynin hydrochloride | Drug Info | Approved | Urinary incontinence | [551871] | |
Seebri | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [524819], [551969] | |
SUN-101 | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [524970] | |
TD-4208 | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [525280] | |
THVD-201 | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Overactive bladder disorder | [525249] | |
APD-515 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Xerostomia | [549205] | |
AZD-2115 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [524708] | |
AZD-8683 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [524096] | |
AZD-9164 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [522724] | |
EP-101 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [523605] | |
QAX-028 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [522951] | |
SMP-986 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Overactive bladder disorder | [548182] | |
PUR0200 | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [524396] | |
Milameline | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 3 | Cognitive disorders | [540021], [544882] | |
Terflavoxate | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Urinary incontinence | [545426] | |
A-72055 | Drug Info | Terminated | Alzheimer disease | [545007] | |
U-80816 | Drug Info | Terminated | Amnesia | [544857] | |
Modulator | A-72055 | Drug Info | [550836] | ||
DS-AH-14 | Drug Info | [550914] | |||
Isopropamide iodide | Drug Info | [533466], [551871] | |||
Milameline | Drug Info | [525615] | |||
Oxybutynin hydrochloride | Drug Info | [525503], [551871] | |||
PUR0200 | Drug Info | [550068] | |||
RBx-343E48F0 | Drug Info | [543461] | |||
Seebri | Drug Info | [533695] | |||
Terflavoxate | Drug Info | [534003] | |||
U-80816 | Drug Info | [550027] | |||
Antagonist | Alexa-488-telenzepine | Drug Info | [530688] | ||
AZD-8683 | Drug Info | [543461] | |||
AZD-9164 | Drug Info | [531685] | |||
BODIPY-pirenzepine | Drug Info | [530147] | |||
Cy3B-telenzepine | Drug Info | [530688] | |||
EP-101 | Drug Info | [532169] | |||
guanylpirenzepine | Drug Info | [525490] | |||
hexahydrodifenidol | Drug Info | [533335] | |||
hexahydrosiladifenidol | Drug Info | [533335] | |||
Incruse Ellipta | Drug Info | [550959], [551871] | |||
levetimide | Drug Info | [534549] | |||
lithocholylcholine | Drug Info | [526426] | |||
ML381 | Drug Info | [532729] | |||
p-F-HHSiD | Drug Info | [534185] | |||
QAX-028 | Drug Info | [550878] | |||
silahexocyclium | Drug Info | [533335] | |||
SMP-986 | Drug Info | [551635] | |||
TD-4208 | Drug Info | [532360] | |||
THRX160209 | Drug Info | [528817] | |||
tripitramine | Drug Info | [533747] | |||
UH-AH 37 | Drug Info | [534670] | |||
VU0255035 | Drug Info | [530098] | |||
[18F](R,R)-quinuclidinyl-4-fluoromethyl-benzilate | Drug Info | [534477] | |||
[3H](+)telenzepine | Drug Info | [533336] | |||
[3H]4NMPB | Drug Info | [533366] | |||
[3H]AF DX-384 | Drug Info | [530102] | |||
[3H]clidinium | Drug Info | [534549] | |||
[3H]darifenacin | Drug Info | [534324] | |||
[3H]N-methyl scopolamine | Drug Info | [526426] | |||
[3H]pirenzepine | Drug Info | [533560] | |||
[3H]QNB | Drug Info | [526153] | |||
[3H]tiotropium | Drug Info | [532246] | |||
Agonist | APD-515 | Drug Info | [550192] | ||
arecaidine propargyl ester | Drug Info | [534426] | |||
AZD-2115 | Drug Info | [532016] | |||
furtrethonium | Drug Info | [534426] | |||
iperoxo | Drug Info | [532078] | |||
LY593093 | Drug Info | [531470] | |||
McN-A-343 | Drug Info | [533018] | |||
methylfurmethide | Drug Info | [534426] | |||
NNC 11-1314 | Drug Info | [526123] | |||
NNC 11-1585 | Drug Info | [526123] | |||
NNC 11-1607 | Drug Info | [526123] | |||
oxotremorine-M | Drug Info | [534426] | |||
pentylthio-TZTP | Drug Info | [534426] | |||
THVD-201 | Drug Info | [544373] | |||
[11C]butylthio-TZTP | Drug Info | [534227] | |||
[11C]xanomeline | Drug Info | [534227] | |||
[18F]FP-TZTP | Drug Info | [526587] | |||
[3H]acetylcholine | Drug Info | [526926] | |||
[3H]oxotremorine-M | Drug Info | [533556] | |||
Modulator (allosteric modulator) | benzoquinazolinone 12 | Drug Info | [532999] | ||
brucine | Drug Info | [534573] | |||
C7/3-phth | Drug Info | [534816] | |||
dimethyl-W84 | Drug Info | [526650] | |||
Duo3 | Drug Info | [527734] | |||
Go7874 | Drug Info | [525801] | |||
KT 5823 | Drug Info | [525801] | |||
LY2033298 | Drug Info | [529629] | |||
LY2119620 | Drug Info | [532770] | |||
ML169 | Drug Info | [532128] | |||
ML375 | Drug Info | [532524] | |||
ML380 | Drug Info | [532927] | |||
N-benzyl brucine | Drug Info | [534573] | |||
N-chloromethyl-brucine | Drug Info | [534573] | |||
thiochrome | Drug Info | [526926] | |||
vinburnine | Drug Info | [534426] | |||
VU0010010 | Drug Info | [529956] | |||
VU0029767 | Drug Info | [529833] | |||
VU0090157 | Drug Info | [529833] | |||
VU0152099 | Drug Info | [529671] | |||
VU0152100 | Drug Info | [529671] | |||
W-84 | Drug Info | [526650] | |||
WDuo3 | Drug Info | [526650] | |||
WIN 51,708 | Drug Info | [526460] | |||
WIN 62,577 | Drug Info | [526460] | |||
[3H]dimethyl-W84 | Drug Info | [526650] | |||
Inhibitor | SUN-101 | Drug Info | [549743] | ||
Pathways | |||||
KEGG Pathway | Calcium signaling pathway | ||||
cAMP signaling pathway | |||||
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | |||||
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway | |||||
Cholinergic synapse | |||||
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton | |||||
PathWhiz Pathway | Muscle/Heart Contraction | ||||
Reactome | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors | ||||
Acetylcholine regulates insulin secretion | |||||
G alpha (q) signalling events | |||||
WikiPathways | Monoamine GPCRs | ||||
Calcium Regulation in the Cardiac Cell | |||||
Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton | |||||
GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like | |||||
Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK | |||||
Secretion of Hydrochloric Acid in Parietal Cells | |||||
GPCR ligand binding | |||||
GPCR downstream signaling | |||||
References | |||||
Ref 522724 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00939211) The Study Will Evaluate the Effect of AZD9164 in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | ||||
Ref 522951 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01068613) Safety and Efficacy of Multiple Doses of QAX028 in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | ||||
Ref 523605 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01426009) Study to Investigate the Dose Response, Safety and Efficacy of Nebulized EP-101 in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): GOLDEN-1 Study. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | ||||
Ref 524096 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01708057) A Single-dose Study to Investigate the Effects of 4 Different Doses of Inhaled AZD8683 in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | ||||
Ref 524396 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01921712) A Safety, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of PUR0200 in COPD Patients. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | ||||
Ref 524708 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02109406) Efficacy and Safety Study of Two Dose Levels of AZD2115 in Subjects With Moderate to Severe COPD. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | ||||
Ref 524819 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02181023) Acute Effect of Aclidinium on Hyperinflation and Ventilation Inhomogeneity in Severe COPD Patients. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | ||||
Ref 524970 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02276222) A Long-Term Safety Trial of Treatment With Nebulized SUN-101 in Patients With COPD. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | ||||
Ref 525249 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02485067) Clinical Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of THVD-201 in Patients With OAB. | ||||
Ref 525280 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02512510) Efficacy Study of Nebulized TD-4208 for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). | ||||
Ref 540021 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 301). | ||||
Ref 544857 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800001336) | ||||
Ref 544882 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800001410) | ||||
Ref 545007 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800001856) | ||||
Ref 545426 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003221) | ||||
Ref 548182 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800022820) | ||||
Ref 549205 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800033659) | ||||
Ref 525490 | Subtypes of muscarinic receptors in rat duodenum: a comparison with rabbit vas deferens, rat atria, guinea-pig ileum and gallbladder by using imperialine. Gen Pharmacol. 1999 Apr;32(4):505-11. | ||||
Ref 525503 | Effects of propiverine hydrochloride (propiverine) on the muscarinic receptor binding affinity in guinea pig tissues and on salivation in conscious dogs. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1999 Mar;113(3):157-66. | ||||
Ref 525615 | Milameline (CI-979/RU35926): a muscarinic receptor agonist with cognition-activating properties: biochemical and in vivo characterization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):812-22. | ||||
Ref 525801 | Allosteric interactions of staurosporine and other indolocarbazoles with N-[methyl-(3)H]scopolamine and acetylcholine at muscarinic receptor subtypes: identification of a second allosteric site. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Jul;58(1):194-207. | ||||
Ref 526123 | Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of dimeric muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Sep;298(3):1260-8. | ||||
Ref 526153 | Interaction of anandamide with the M(1) and M(4) muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Brain Res. 2001 Oct 5;915(1):70-8. | ||||
Ref 526426 | Lithocholylcholine, a bile acid/acetylcholine hybrid, is a muscarinic receptor antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Oct;303(1):29-35. | ||||
Ref 526460 | Analogs of WIN 62,577 define a second allosteric site on muscarinic receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Dec;62(6):1492-505. | ||||
Ref 526587 | Regional brain uptake of the muscarinic ligand, [18F]FP-TZTP, is greatly decreased in M2 receptor knockout mice but not in M1, M3 and M4 receptor knockout mice. Neuropharmacology. 2003 Apr;44(5):653-61. | ||||
Ref 526650 | Interactions of orthosteric and allosteric ligands with [3H]dimethyl-W84 at the common allosteric site of muscarinic M2 receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Jul;64(1):180-90. | ||||
Ref 526926 | Thiochrome enhances acetylcholine affinity at muscarinic M4 receptors: receptor subtype selectivity via cooperativity rather than affinity. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Jan;65(1):257-66. | ||||
Ref 527734 | Atypical muscarinic allosteric modulation: cooperativity between modulators and their atypical binding topology in muscarinic M2 and M2/M5 chimeric receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Dec;68(6):1597-610. Epub 2005 Sep 12. | ||||
Ref 528817 | A novel multivalent ligand that bridges the allosteric and orthosteric binding sites of the M2 muscarinic receptor. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Aug;72(2):291-302. Epub 2007 May 3. | ||||
Ref 529629 | Allosteric modulation of the muscarinic M4 receptor as an approach to treating schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10978-83. | ||||
Ref 529671 | Centrally active allosteric potentiators of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor reverse amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotor activity in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Dec;327(3):941-53. | ||||
Ref 529833 | Discovery and characterization of novel allosteric potentiators of M1 muscarinic receptors reveals multiple modes of activity. Mol Pharmacol. 2009 Mar;75(3):577-88. | ||||
Ref 529956 | Subtype-selective allosteric modulators of muscarinic receptors for the treatment of CNS disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2009 Mar;30(3):148-55. | ||||
Ref 530098 | A novel selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 1 antagonist reduces seizures without impairing hippocampus-dependent learning. Mol Pharmacol. 2009 Aug;76(2):356-68. | ||||
Ref 530102 | Binding of [3H]AF-DX 384 to cloned and native muscarinic receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1991 Nov;259(2):601-7. | ||||
Ref 530147 | Pirenzepine promotes the dimerization of muscarinic M1 receptors through a three-step binding process. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jul 17;284(29):19533-43. | ||||
Ref 530688 | Formation and dissociation of M1 muscarinic receptor dimers seen by total internal reflection fluorescence imaging of single molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Feb 9;107(6):2693-8. | ||||
Ref 531470 | Pharmacological characterization of LY593093, an M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-selective partial orthosteric agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 Aug;338(2):622-32. | ||||
Ref 531685 | The discovery of AZD9164, a novel muscarinic M3 antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 Dec 15;21(24):7440-6. | ||||
Ref 532016 | Evaluation of WO-2012085582 and WO-2012085583 two identified MABAs: backups to AZD-2115. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2012 Nov;22(11):1377-83. | ||||
Ref 532078 | Agonists with supraphysiological efficacy at the muscarinic M2 ACh receptor. Br J Pharmacol. 2013 May;169(2):357-70. | ||||
Ref 532128 | Targeting selective activation of M(1) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: further chemical optimization and pharmacological characterization of the M(1) positive allosteric modulator ML169. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2012 Nov 21;3(11):884-95. | ||||
Ref 532169 | Long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists for the treatment of respiratory disease. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Jun;26(3):307-17. | ||||
Ref 532246 | Pharmacological characterization of GSK573719 (umeclidinium): a novel, long-acting, inhaled antagonist of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors for treatment of pulmonary diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 May;345(2):260-70. | ||||
Ref 532360 | In vivo pharmacological characterization of TD-4208, a novel lung-selective inhaled muscarinic antagonist with sustained bronchoprotective effect in experimental animal models. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 Aug;346(2):241-50. | ||||
Ref 532524 | Discovery of the first M5-selective and CNS penetrant negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor: (S)-9b-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5(9bH)-one (ML375). J Med Chem. 2013 Nov 27;56(22):9351-5. | ||||
Ref 532729 | Discovery, synthesis and characterization of a highly muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)-selective M5-orthosteric antagonist, VU0488130 (ML381): a novel molecular probe. ChemMedChem. 2014 Aug;9(8):1677-82. | ||||
Ref 532770 | Characterization of the novel positive allosteric modulator, LY2119620, at the muscarinic M(2) and M(4) receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 2014 Jul;86(1):106-15. | ||||
Ref 532927 | Development of a highly potent, novel M5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) demonstrating CNS exposure: 1-((1H-indazol-5-yl)sulfoneyl)-N-ethyl-N-(2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)piperidine-4-carboxamide (ML380). J Med Chem. 2014 Sep 25;57(18):7804-10. | ||||
Ref 532999 | Mechanistic insights into allosteric structure-function relationships at the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. J Biol Chem. 2014 Nov 28;289(48):33701-11. | ||||
Ref 533018 | Pharmacological characterization of the M1 muscarinic receptors expressed in murine fibroblast B82 cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1989 Feb;248(2):661-70. | ||||
Ref 533335 | Antagonist binding properties of five cloned muscarinic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Mol Pharmacol. 1989 Apr;35(4):469-76. | ||||
Ref 533336 | The existence of stable enantiomers of telenzepine and their stereoselective interaction with muscarinic receptor subtypes. Mol Pharmacol. 1989 Apr;35(4):477-83. | ||||
Ref 533366 | Cloned M1 muscarinic receptors mediate both adenylate cyclase inhibition and phosphoinositide turnover. EMBO J. 1988 Oct;7(10):3031-5. | ||||
Ref 533466 | Competitive and non-competitive antagonism exhibited by 'selective' antagonists at atrial and ileal muscarinic receptor subtypes. Br J Pharmacol. 1987 Apr;90(4):701-7. | ||||
Ref 533556 | Solubilization and characterization of guanine nucleotide-sensitive muscarinic agonist binding sites from rat myocardium. Br J Pharmacol. 1984 Aug;82(4):853-61. | ||||
Ref 533560 | [3H]Pirenzepine identifies putative M1 muscarinic receptors in human stellate ganglia. Brain Res. 1984 Jan 2;290(1):179-82. | ||||
Ref 533695 | Glycopyrronium bromide blocks differentially responses mediated by muscarinic receptor subtypes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1993 Jun;347(6):591-5. | ||||
Ref 533747 | Binding profile of the selective muscarinic receptor antagonist tripitramine. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Aug 16;268(3):459-62. | ||||
Ref 534003 | Effects of terflavoxate on stimulated contractions of urinary bladder in vitro. Arzneimittelforschung. 1993 Feb;43(2):122-8. | ||||
Ref 534185 | Stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation and phosphoinositide hydrolysis by M3 muscarinic receptors in the rat peripheral lung. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996 Aug 23;52(4):643-58. | ||||
Ref 534227 | PET study of the M1-agonists [11C]xanomeline and [11C]butylthio-TZTP in monkey and man. Dementia. 1996 Jul-Aug;7(4):187-95. | ||||
Ref 534324 | Characterisation of [3H]-darifenacin as a novel radioligand for the study of muscarinic M3 receptors. J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 1997 Jan-May;17(1-3):177-84. | ||||
Ref 534426 | Positive cooperativity of acetylcholine and other agonists with allosteric ligands on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Jul;52(1):172-9. | ||||
Ref 534477 | In vivo muscarinic binding selectivity of (R,S)- and (R,R)-[18F]-fluoromethyl QNB. Bioorg Med Chem. 1997 Aug;5(8):1555-67. | ||||
Ref 534549 | Pharmacological comparison of the cloned human and rat M2 muscarinic receptor genes expressed in the murine fibroblast (B82) cell line. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Feb;284(2):500-7. | ||||
Ref 534573 | Subtype-selective positive cooperative interactions between brucine analogues and acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors: radioligand binding studies. Mol Pharmacol. 1998 Mar;53(3):573-89. | ||||
Ref 534670 | Comparison of the in vitro and in vivo profiles of tolterodine with those of subtype-selective muscarinic receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol. 1998 May 22;349(2-3):285-92. | ||||
Ref 534816 | Characterization of the subtype selectivity of the allosteric modulator heptane-1,7-bis-(dimethyl-3'-phthalimidopropyl) ammonium bromide (C7/3-phth) at cloned muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Jan 15;57(2):171-9. | ||||
Ref 543461 | (http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 17). | ||||
Ref 544373 | Future therapies: Early trials and basic science. Can Urol Assoc J. 2013 Sep-Oct; 7(9-10 Suppl 4): S179-S180. | ||||
Ref 549743 | Long-acting bronchodilators in COPD: Where are we now and where are we going? Breathe 06/2014; 10(2):110-120. | ||||
Ref 550027 | U-80816: A novel partial muscarinic agonist. Drug Development Research Volume 24, Issue 1, pages 53-66, 1991. | ||||
Ref 550836 | US patent application no. 2011,0020,423, Methods and compositions for treatment of disorders ameliorated by muscarinic receptor activation. | ||||
Ref 550878 | EP patent application no. 2398798, Triazolopyridine derivatives as p38 map kinase inhibitors. | ||||
Ref 550914 | US patent application no. 5,446,057, Substituted tetrahydropyridine and piperidine carboxylic acids as muscarinic antagonists. |
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