Target Regulator(s) Information (Transcription Factor)

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Target General Information
The Transcription Factors (TFs) Regulating This Target
References
Target General Information  Top
Target ID T94692 Target Info
Target Name Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R)
Synonyms LDL receptor
Target Type Successful Target
Gene Name LDLR
Biochemical Class Low density lipoprotein receptor
UniProt ID
LDLR_HUMAN
The Transcription Factors (TFs) Regulating This Target  Top
TF Name Sp1 transcription factor (SP1)
Classification Superclass Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains
Class Cys2His2 zinc finger domain
Family Ubiquitous factors
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism Transiently expressed yin yang 1 protein (YY1) inhibits the SREBP-mediated activation of the LDLR in a sensitive and dose-dependent manner. The inhibition is independent of YY1 binding directly to the LDLR promoter, and the same region of YY1 that interacts in solution with Sp1 also interacts with SREBP. [1]
Evidence Score (E-score) 4 +
1 DNase I Footprint Analysis [3]
2 DNase I Footprint Analysis, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [4]
3 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [2]
4 Reporter Assay [1]
UniProt ID
SP1_HUMAN
Sequence
MSDQDHSMDEMTAVVKIEKGVGGNNGGNGNGGGAFSQARSSSTGSSSSTGGGGQESQPSP
LALLAATCSRIESPNENSNNSQGPSQSGGTGELDLTATQLSQGANGWQIISSSSGATPTS
KEQSGSSTNGSNGSESSKNRTVSGGQYVVAAAPNLQNQQVLTGLPGVMPNIQYQVIPQFQ
TVDGQQLQFAATGAQVQQDGSGQIQIIPGANQQIITNRGSGGNIIAAMPNLLQQAVPLQG
LANNVLSGQTQYVTNVPVALNGNITLLPVNSVSAATLTPSSQAVTISSSGSQESGSQPVT
SGTTISSASLVSSQASSSSFFTNANSYSTTTTTSNMGIMNFTTSGSSGTNSQGQTPQRVS
GLQGSDALNIQQNQTSGGSLQAGQQKEGEQNQQTQQQQILIQPQLVQGGQALQALQAAPL
SGQTFTTQAISQETLQNLQLQAVPNSGPIIIRTPTVGPNGQVSWQTLQLQNLQVQNPQAQ
TITLAPMQGVSLGQTSSSNTTLTPIASAASIPAGTVTVNAAQLSSMPGLQTINLSALGTS
GIQVHPIQGLPLAIANAPGDHGAQLGLHGAGGDGIHDDTAGGEEGENSPDAQPQAGRRTR
REACTCPYCKDSEGRGSGDPGKKKQHICHIQGCGKVYGKTSHLRAHLRWHTGERPFMCTW
SYCGKRFTRSDELQRHKRTHTGEKKFACPECPKRFMRSDHLSKHIKTHQNKKGGPGVALS
VGTLPLDSGAGSEGSGTATPSALITTNMVAMEAICPEGIARLANSGINVMQVADLQSINI
SGNGF
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Acyltransferases [+] 2 Acyltransferases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [5]
2 Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) Clinical trial Target Target Info [6]
Apolipoproteins [+] 2 Apolipoproteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [7]
2 Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Clinical trial Target Target Info [8]
Apoptosis regulators [+] 1 Apoptosis regulators Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 (MCL1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [9]
Carbon-nitrogen hydrolases [+] 1 Carbon-nitrogen hydrolases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Adenosine deaminase (ADA) Successful Target Target Info [10]
Caveolin proteins [+] 1 Caveolin proteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Caveolin 1 (CAV1) Literature-reported Target Target Info [11]
Collagens [+] 1 Collagens Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Collagen I (COL1A2) Clinical trial Target Target Info [12]
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 2 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Erythropoietin Receptor (EPOR) Successful Target Target Info [13]
2 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [14]
Ester hydrolases [+] 2 Ester hydrolases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Successful Target Target Info [15]
2 M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 (MPIP3) Literature-reported Target Target Info [16]
G protein-coupled receptors [+] 3 G protein-coupled receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 5-HT 1A receptor (HTR1A) Successful Target Target Info [17]
2 C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) Successful Target Target Info [18]
3 Thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R) Successful Target Target Info [19]
Glycoproteins [+] 2 Glycoproteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) Clinical trial Target Target Info [20]
2 Tracheobronchial mucin 5A (MUC5AC) Literature-reported Target Target Info [21]
Growth factors [+] 4 Growth factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA) Clinical trial Target Target Info [22]
2 Platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) Clinical trial Target Target Info [23]
3 Thrombomodulin (THBD) Discontinued Target Target Info [24]
4 Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) Successful Target Target Info [25]
Immunoglobulins [+] 1 Immunoglobulins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1 (ICAM1) Successful Target Target Info [26]
Integrins [+] 1 Integrins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Integrin alpha-2 (ITGA2) Clinical trial Target Target Info [27]
Kinases [+] 5 Kinases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Casein kinase II alpha (CSNK2A1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [28]
2 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Successful Target Target Info [29]
3 Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1 (PIM1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [30]
4 Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) Clinical trial Target Target Info [31]
5 Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) Successful Target Target Info [32]
Lipoprotein receptors [+] 1 Lipoprotein receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) Successful Target Target Info [1]
Lyases [+] 2 Lyases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) Clinical trial Target Target Info [33]
2 Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) Patented-recorded Target Target Info [34]
Nuclear hormone receptors [+] 2 Nuclear hormone receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4A) Literature-reported Target Target Info [35]
2 Progesterone receptor (PGR) Successful Target Target Info [36]
Oxidoreductases [+] 9 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) Literature-reported Target Target Info [37]
2 Bacterial Triosephosphate isomerase (Bact TPI) Literature-reported Target Target Info [38]
3 Catalase (CAT) Clinical trial Target Target Info [39]
4 Cholesterol desmolase (CYP11A1) Successful Target Target Info [40]
5 Dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) Clinical trial Target Target Info [41]
6 Estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase 1 (17-beta-HSD1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [42]
7 Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [43]
8 Nitric-oxide synthase endothelial (NOS3) Clinical trial Target Target Info [44]
9 Superoxide dismutase Cu-Zn (SOD Cu-Zn) Clinical trial Target Target Info [45]
Peptidases [+] 4 Peptidases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Caspase-8 (CASP8) Patented-recorded Target Target Info [46]
2 Cathepsin D (CTSD) Clinical trial Target Target Info [47]
3 Dibasic-processing enzyme (Furin) Preclinical Target Target Info [48]
4 Neutral endopeptidase (MME) Clinical trial Target Target Info [49]
Pro-neuropeptides [+] 1 Pro-neuropeptides Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Literature-reported Target Target Info [50]
Small GTPases [+] 1 Small GTPases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 GTPase HRas (HRAS) Literature-reported Target Target Info [51]
Somatotropin / Prolactins [+] 1 Somatotropin / Prolactins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Somatotropin (GH1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [52]
Transcription factors [+] 2 Transcription factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [53]
2 Wilms tumor protein (WT1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [54]
Transferrins [+] 1 Transferrins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transferrin (TF) Clinical trial Target Target Info [55]
Zinc-fingers [+] 1 Zinc-fingers Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Utrophin (UTRN) Clinical trial Target Target Info [56]
TF Name c-Jun/c-Jun (AP-1) homodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Leucine zipper factors (bZIP)
Family AP-1(-like) components
Subfamily Jun
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism To detect transcription factors that bind to the SIRE, gel shift assays using a 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probe (TATA1+2) containing LDLR promoter sequence 25 to +5 were performed with nuclear extracts prepared from untreated and OM-treated HepG2 cells. Three DNA-protein complexes (C1, C3, and C4) were detected in control extracts, and 4 complexes (C1, C2, C3, and C4) were detected in OM-treated extracts. The nature of the C2 complex is presently unknown, as gel shift assays with antibodies directed against members of the CREB, C/EBP, and AP-1 families. [2]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [2]
UniProt ID
JUN_HUMAN
Sequence
MTAKMETTFYDDALNASFLPSESGPYGYSNPKILKQSMTLNLADPVGSLKPHLRAKNSDL
LTSPDVGLLKLASPELERLIIQSSNGHITTTPTPTQFLCPKNVTDEQEGFAEGFVRALAE
LHSQNTLPSVTSAAQPVNGAGMVAPAVASVAGGSGSGGFSASLHSEPPVYANLSNFNPGA
LSSGGGAPSYGAAGLAFPAQPQQQQQPPHHLPQQMPVQHPRLQALKEEPQTVPEMPGETP
PLSPIDMESQERIKAERKRMRNRIAASKCRKRKLERIARLEEKVKTLKAQNSELASTANM
LREQVAQLKQKVMNHVNSGCQLMLTQQLQTF
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 2 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interleukin 5 receptor alpha (IL5RA) Successful Target Target Info [57]
2 Interleukin-5 (IL5) Successful Target Target Info [58]
Fibronectin proteins [+] 1 Fibronectin proteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Fibronectin (FN1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [59]
Lipoprotein receptors [+] 1 Lipoprotein receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) Successful Target Target Info [2]
Peptidases [+] 2 Peptidases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) Successful Target Target Info [60]
2 Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Clinical trial Target Target Info [61]
TF Name C/EBP alpha (CEBPA) homodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Leucine zipper factors (bZIP)
Family C/EBP-like factors
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism To detect transcription factors that bind to the SIRE, gel shift assays using a 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probe (TATA1+2) containing LDLR promoter sequence 25 to +5 were performed with nuclear extracts prepared from untreated and OM-treated HepG2 cells. Three DNA-protein complexes (C1, C3, and C4) were detected in control extracts, and 4 complexes (C1, C2, C3, and C4) were detected in OM-treated extracts. The nature of the C2 complex is presently unknown, as gel shift assays with antibodies directed against members of the CREB, C/EBP, and AP-1 families. [2]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [2]
UniProt ID
CEBPA_HUMAN
Sequence
MESADFYEAEPRPPMSSHLQSPPHAPSSAAFGFPRGAGPAQPPAPPAAPEPLGGICEHET
SIDISAYIDPAAFNDEFLADLFQHSRQQEKAKAAVGPTGGGGGGDFDYPGAPAGPGGAVM
PGGAHGPPPGYGCAAAGYLDGRLEPLYERVGAPALRPLVIKQEPREEDEAKQLALAGLFP
YQPPPPPPPSHPHPHPPPAHLAAPHLQFQIAHCGQTTMHLQPGHPTPPPTPVPSPHPAPA
LGAAGLPGPGSALKGLGAAHPDLRASGGSGAGKAKKSVDKNSNEYRVRRERNNIAVRKSR
DKAKQRNVETQQKVLELTSDNDRLRKRVEQLSRELDTLRGIFRQLPESSLVKAMGNCA
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Apolipoproteins [+] 3 Apolipoproteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) Literature-reported Target Target Info [62]
2 Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) Clinical trial Target Target Info [63]
3 Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Clinical trial Target Target Info [64]
Calcium-binding proteins [+] 1 Calcium-binding proteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Calgranulin B (S100A9) Clinical trial Target Target Info [65]
Coagulation factors [+] 1 Coagulation factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Coagulation factor VIII (F8) Successful Target Target Info [66]
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 1 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSF-R) Successful Target Target Info [67]
Glycoproteins [+] 1 Glycoproteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) Clinical trial Target Target Info [68]
Integrins [+] 1 Integrins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Integrin alpha-2 (ITGA2) Clinical trial Target Target Info [69]
Lipoprotein receptors [+] 1 Lipoprotein receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) Successful Target Target Info [2]
Oxidoreductases [+] 1 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Entamoeba Alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (Entamo ADH2) Literature-reported Target Target Info [70]
Peptidases [+] 1 Peptidases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Coagulation factor IX (F9) Successful Target Target Info [71]
Somatotropin / Prolactins [+] 1 Somatotropin / Prolactins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Prolactin (PRL) Discontinued Target Target Info [72]
Transferrins [+] 1 Transferrins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transferrin (TF) Clinical trial Target Target Info [73]
TF Name C/EBP beta (CEBPB) homodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Leucine zipper factors (bZIP)
Family C/EBP-like factors
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism To detect transcription factors that bind to the SIRE, gel shift assays using a 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probe (TATA1+2) containing LDLR promoter sequence 25 to +5 were performed with nuclear extracts prepared from untreated and OM-treated HepG2 cells. Three DNA-protein complexes (C1, C3, and C4) were detected in control extracts, and 4 complexes (C1, C2, C3, and C4) were detected in OM-treated extracts. The nature of the C2 complex is presently unknown, as gel shift assays with antibodies directed against members of the CREB, C/EBP, and AP-1 families. [2]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [2]
UniProt ID
CEBPB_HUMAN
Sequence
MQRLVAWDPACLPLPPPPPAFKSMEVANFYYEADCLAAAYGGKAAPAAPPAARPGPRPPA
GELGSIGDHERAIDFSPYLEPLGAPQAPAPATATDTFEAAPPAPAPAPASSGQHHDFLSD
LFSDDYGGKNCKKPAEYGYVSLGRLGAAKGALHPGCFAPLHPPPPPPPPPAELKAEPGFE
PADCKRKEEAGAPGGGAGMAAGFPYALRAYLGYQAVPSGSSGSLSTSSSSSPPGTPSPAD
AKAPPTACYAGAAPAPSQVKSKAKKTVDKHSDEYKIRRERNNIAVRKSRDKAKMRNLETQ
HKVLELTAENERLQKKVEQLSRELSTLRNLFKQLPEPLLASSGHC
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Apolipoproteins [+] 1 Apolipoproteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) Clinical trial Target Target Info [63]
Calcium-binding proteins [+] 1 Calcium-binding proteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Calgranulin B (S100A9) Clinical trial Target Target Info [65]
Coagulation factors [+] 1 Coagulation factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Coagulation factor VIII (F8) Successful Target Target Info [74]
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 1 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) Successful Target Target Info [75]
Immunoglobulins [+] 1 Immunoglobulins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1 (ICAM1) Successful Target Target Info [76]
Integrins [+] 1 Integrins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Integrin alpha-2 (ITGA2) Clinical trial Target Target Info [69]
Isomerases [+] 1 Isomerases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Leishmania DNA topoisomerase I (Leishm TOP1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [77]
Lipoprotein receptors [+] 1 Lipoprotein receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) Successful Target Target Info [2]
Oxidoreductases [+] 1 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Aromatase (CYP19A1) Successful Target Target Info [78]
Pentraxins [+] 1 Pentraxins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 CRP messenger RNA (CRP mRNA) Clinical trial Target Target Info [79]
Somatotropin / Prolactins [+] 1 Somatotropin / Prolactins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Prolactin (PRL) Discontinued Target Target Info [72]
TF Name C/EBP delta (CEBPD) homodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Leucine zipper factors (bZIP)
Family C/EBP-like factors
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism To detect transcription factors that bind to the SIRE, gel shift assays using a 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probe (TATA1+2) containing LDLR promoter sequence 25 to +5 were performed with nuclear extracts prepared from untreated and OM-treated HepG2 cells. Three DNA-protein complexes (C1, C3, and C4) were detected in control extracts, and 4 complexes (C1, C2, C3, and C4) were detected in OM-treated extracts. The nature of the C2 complex is presently unknown, as gel shift assays with antibodies directed against members of the CREB, C/EBP, and AP-1 families. [2]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [2]
UniProt ID
CEBPD_HUMAN
Sequence
MSAALFSLDGPARGAPWPAEPAPFYEPGRAGKPGRGAEPGALGEPGAAAPAMYDDESAID
FSAYIDSMAAVPTLELCHDELFADLFNSNHKAGGAGPLELLPGGPARPLGPGPAAPRLLK
REPDWGDGDAPGSLLPAQVAACAQTVVSLAAAGQPTPPTSPEPPRSSPRQTPAPGPAREK
SAGKRGPDRGSPEYRQRRERNNIAVRKSRDKAKRRNQEMQQKLVELSAENEKLHQRVEQL
TRDLAGLRQFFKQLPSPPFLPAAGTADCR
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Apolipoproteins [+] 1 Apolipoproteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) Clinical trial Target Target Info [80]
Lipoprotein receptors [+] 1 Lipoprotein receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) Successful Target Target Info [2]
Pentraxins [+] 1 Pentraxins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 CRP messenger RNA (CRP mRNA) Clinical trial Target Target Info [81]
Serpin proteins [+] 1 Serpin proteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Angiotensinogen (AGT) Literature-reported Target Target Info [82]
Somatotropin / Prolactins [+] 1 Somatotropin / Prolactins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Prolactin (PRL) Discontinued Target Target Info [72]
Transferrins [+] 1 Transferrins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transferrin (TF) Clinical trial Target Target Info [73]
TF Name cAMP-dependent transcription factor 1 (ATF-1) homodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Leucine zipper factors (bZIP)
Family CREB
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism To detect transcription factors that bind to the SIRE, gel shift assays using a 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probe (TATA1+2) containing LDLR promoter sequence 25 to +5 were performed with nuclear extracts prepared from untreated and OM-treated HepG2 cells. Three DNA-protein complexes (C1, C3, and C4) were detected in control extracts, and 4 complexes (C1, C2, C3, and C4) were detected in OM-treated extracts. The C1 complex may be a heterodimer of ATF and c-Jun. [2]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [2]
UniProt ID
ATF1_HUMAN
Sequence
MEDSHKSTTSETAPQPGSAVQGAHISHIAQQVSSLSESEESQDSSDSIGSSQKAHGILAR
RPSYRKILKDLSSEDTRGRKGDGENSGVSAAVTSMSVPTPIYQTSSGQYIAIAPNGALQL
ASPGTDGVQGLQTLTMTNSGSTQQGTTILQYAQTSDGQQILVPSNQVVVQTASGDMQTYQ
IRTTPSATSLPQTVVMTSPVTLTSQTTKTDDPQLKREIRLMKNREAARECRRKKKEYVKC
LENRVAVLENQNKTLIEELKTLKDLYSNKSV
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Cyclins [+] 2 Cyclins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Cyclin A2 (CCNA2) Literature-reported Target Target Info [83]
2 Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) Clinical trial Target Target Info [84]
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 1 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [85]
Growth factors [+] 1 Growth factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2) Clinical trial Target Target Info [86]
Hormones [+] 1 Hormones Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Erythropoietin (EPO) Clinical trial Target Target Info [87]
Lipoprotein receptors [+] 1 Lipoprotein receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) Successful Target Target Info [2]
TF Name Sp3 transcription factor (SP3)
Classification Superclass Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains
Class Cys2His2 zinc finger domain
Family Ubiquitous factors
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism The core SP-binding site are constructed by insertion of double-stranded oligonucleotides containing LDLR promoter sequence 52 to +13 with designed mutations into the pGL3-basic-luciferase vector. [2]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [2]
UniProt ID
SP3_HUMAN
Sequence
MTAPEKPVKQEEMAALDVDSGGGGGGGGGHGEYLQQQQQHGNGAVAAAAAAQDTQPSPLA
LLAATCSKIGPPSPGDDEEEAAAAAGAPAAAGATGDLASAQLGGAPNRWEVLSATPTTIK
DEAGNLVQIPSAATSSGQYVLPLQNLQNQQIFSVAPGSDSSNGTVSSVQYQVIPQIQSAD
GQQVQIGFTGSSDNGGINQESSQIQIIPGSNQTLLASGTPSANIQNLIPQTGQVQVQGVA
IGGSSFPGQTQVVANVPLGLPGNITFVPINSVDLDSLGLSGSSQTMTAGINADGHLINTG
QAMDSSDNSERTGERVSPDINETNTDTDLFVPTSSSSQLPVTIDSTGILQQNTNSLTTSS
GQVHSSDLQGNYIQSPVSEETQAQNIQVSTAQPVVQHLQLQESQQPTSQAQIVQGITPQT
IHGVQASGQNISQQALQNLQLQLNPGTFLIQAQTVTPSGQVTWQTFQVQGVQNLQNLQIQ
NTAAQQITLTPVQTLTLGQVAAGGAFTSTPVSLSTGQLPNLQTVTVNSIDSAGIQLHPGE
NADSPADIRIKEEEPDPEEWQLSGDSTLNTNDLTHLRVQVVDEEGDQQHQEGKRLRRVAC
TCPNCKEGGGRGTNLGKKKQHICHIPGCGKVYGKTSHLRAHLRWHSGERPFVCNWMYCGK
RFTRSDELQRHRRTHTGEKKFVCPECSKRFMRSDHLAKHIKTHQNKKGIHSSSTVLASVE
AARDDTLITAGGTTLILANIQQGSVSGIGTVNTSATSNQDILTNTEIPLQLVTVSGNETM
E
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Acyltransferases [+] 1 Acyltransferases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) Clinical trial Target Target Info [6]
Collagens [+] 1 Collagens Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Collagen I (COL1A2) Clinical trial Target Target Info [88]
Glycoproteins [+] 1 Glycoproteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Tracheobronchial mucin 5A (MUC5AC) Literature-reported Target Target Info [21]
Growth factors [+] 1 Growth factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) Clinical trial Target Target Info [89]
Lipoprotein receptors [+] 1 Lipoprotein receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) Successful Target Target Info [2]
Lyases [+] 1 Lyases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) Patented-recorded Target Target Info [34]
Oxidoreductases [+] 3 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) Literature-reported Target Target Info [37]
2 Estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase 1 (17-beta-HSD1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [42]
3 Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [43]
Transcription factors [+] 1 Transcription factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [53]
Zinc-fingers [+] 1 Zinc-fingers Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Utrophin (UTRN) Clinical trial Target Target Info [56]
TF Name cAMP-responsive element-binding (CREB) homodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Leucine zipper factors (bZIP)
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism To detect transcription factors that bind to the SIRE, gel shift assays using a 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probe (TATA1+2) containing LDLR promoter sequence 25 to +5 were performed with nuclear extracts prepared from untreated and OM-treated HepG2 cells. Three DNA-protein complexes (C1, C3, and C4) were detected in control extracts, and 4 complexes (C1, C2, C3, and C4) were detected in OM-treated extracts. The nature of the C2 complex is presently unknown, as gel shift assays with antibodies directed against members of the CREB, C/EBP, and AP-1 families. [2]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [2]
UniProt ID
CREB1_HUMAN
Sequence
MTMESGAENQQSGDAAVTEAENQQMTVQAQPQIATLAQVSMPAAHATSSAPTVTLVQLPN
GQTVQVHGVIQAAQPSVIQSPQVQTVQSSCKDLKRLFSGTQISTIAESEDSQESVDSVTD
SQKRREILSRRPSYRKILNDLSSDAPGVPRIEEEKSEEETSAPAITTVTVPTPIYQTSSG
QYIAITQGGAIQLANNGTDGVQGLQTLTMTNAAATQPGTTILQYAQTTDGQQILVPSNQV
VVQAASGDVQTYQIRTAPTSTIAPGVVMASSPALPTQPAEEAARKREVRLMKNREAAREC
RRKKKEYVKCLENRVAVLENQNKTLIEELKALKDLYCHKSD
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Apoptosis regulators [+] 1 Apoptosis regulators Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL-2) Successful Target Target Info [90]
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 3 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [85]
2 Interleukin 5 receptor alpha (IL5RA) Successful Target Target Info [57]
3 Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) Successful Target Target Info [91]
Fibronectin proteins [+] 1 Fibronectin proteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Fibronectin (FN1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [59]
G protein-coupled receptors [+] 1 G protein-coupled receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR) Successful Target Target Info [92]
Glucagons [+] 1 Glucagons Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) Literature-reported Target Target Info [93]
Hormones [+] 2 Hormones Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Erythropoietin (EPO) Clinical trial Target Target Info [87]
2 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Successful Target Target Info [94]
Immunoglobulins [+] 1 Immunoglobulins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 (CD4) Successful Target Target Info [95]
Lipoprotein receptors [+] 1 Lipoprotein receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) Successful Target Target Info [2]
Oxidoreductases [+] 2 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Cholesterol desmolase (CYP11A1) Successful Target Target Info [96]
2 Dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) Clinical trial Target Target Info [41]
Peptidases [+] 1 Peptidases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) Successful Target Target Info [97]
Transcription factors [+] 1 Transcription factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [98]
Transferrins [+] 1 Transferrins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transferrin (TF) Clinical trial Target Target Info [99]
TF Name cAMP-responsive element-modulator (CREM) homodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Leucine zipper factors (bZIP)
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism To detect transcription factors that bind to the SIRE, gel shift assays using a 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probe (TATA1+2) containing LDLR promoter sequence 25 to +5 were performed with nuclear extracts prepared from untreated and OM-treated HepG2 cells. Three DNA-protein complexes (C1, C3, and C4) were detected in control extracts, and 4 complexes (C1, C2, C3, and C4) were detected in OM-treated extracts.The C3 complex in both control extracts and OM-treated extracts was completely supershifted by anti-CREB-1 and anti-CREM-1 antibodies. [2]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [2]
UniProt ID
CREM_HUMAN
Sequence
MTMETVESQHDGSITASLTESKSAHVQTQTGQNSIPALAQVSVAGSGTRRGSPAVTLVQL
PSGQTIHVQGVIQTPQPWVIQSSEIHTVQVAAIAETDESAESEGVIDSHKRREILSRRPS
YRKILNELSSDVPGVPKIEEERSEEEGTPPSIATMAVPTSIYQTSTGQYIAIAQGGTIQI
SNPGSDGVQGLQALTMTNSGAPPPGATIVQYAAQSADGTQQFFVPGSQVVVQDEETELAP
SHMAAATGDMPTYQIRAPTAALPQGVVMAASPGSLHSPQQLAEEATRKRELRLMKNREAA
KECRRRKKEYVKCLESRVAVLEVQNKKLIEELETLKDICSPKTDY
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 1 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interleukin 5 receptor alpha (IL5RA) Successful Target Target Info [57]
Lipoprotein receptors [+] 1 Lipoprotein receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) Successful Target Target Info [2]
References  Top
REF 1 Co-stimulation of promoter for low density lipoprotein receptor gene by sterol regulatory element-binding protein and Sp1 is specifically disrupted by the yin yang 1 protein. J Biol Chem. 1999 May 7;274(19):13025-32.
REF 2 Identification of a novel sterol-independent regulatory element in the human low density lipoprotein receptor promoter. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 18;275(7):5214-21.
REF 3 Sterol-dependent repression of low density lipoprotein receptor promoter mediated by 16-base pair sequence adjacent to binding site for transcription factor Sp1. J Biol Chem. 1988 Mar 5;263(7):3372-9.
REF 4 Cooperation by sterol regulatory element-binding protein and Sp1 in sterol regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor gene. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jan 20;270(3):1161-9.
REF 5 Sp1-mediated transcriptional activation of the human Pi class glutathione S-transferase promoter. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jan 12;271(2):1054-60.
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REF 7 Involvement of early growth response factor Egr-1 in apolipoprotein AI gene transcription. J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 24;270(12):7004-10.
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REF 9 Regulation of MCL1 through a serum response factor/Elk-1-mediated mechanism links expression of a viability-promoting member of the BCL2 family to the induction of hematopoietic cell differentiation. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 15;274(3):1801-13.
REF 10 Sp1 is essential for both enhancer-mediated and basal activation of the TATA-less human adenosine deaminase promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Feb 25;22(4):669-77.
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REF 13 Regulation of transcription of the human erythropoietin receptor gene by proteins binding to GATA-1 and Sp1 motifs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Aug 11;23(15):3041-9.
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REF 15 Transcription factor repression and activation of the human acetylcholinesterase gene. J Biol Chem. 1995 Oct 6;270(40):23511-9.
REF 16 Cell cycle regulation of cdc25C transcription is mediated by the periodic repression of the glutamine-rich activators NF-Y and Sp1. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Oct 11;23(19):3822-30.
REF 17 The serotonin 1a receptor gene contains a TATA-less promoter that responds to MAZ and Sp1. J Biol Chem. 1996 Feb 23;271(8):4417-30.
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REF 20 Transcriptional regulation of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene by the orphan nuclear hormone receptor apolipoprotein AI regulatory protein-1. J Biol Chem. 1995 Dec 15;270(50):29916-22.
REF 21 The human uncoupling protein-3 gene promoter requires MyoD and is induced by retinoic acid in muscle cells. FASEB J. 2000 Nov;14(14):2141-3.
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REF 24 Acceleration of thrombomodulin gene transcription by retinoic acid: retinoic acid receptors and Sp1 regulate the promoter activity through interactions with two different sequences in the 5'-flanking region of human gene. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 26;276(4):2440-50.
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REF 27 Binding of phosphorylated Sp1 protein to tandem Sp1 binding sites regulates alpha2 integrin gene core promoter activity. Blood. 1997 Jul 15;90(2):678-89.
REF 28 Transcription factors ets1, NF-kappa B, and Sp1 are major determinants of the promoter activity of the human protein kinase CK2alpha gene. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 16;275(24):18327-36.
REF 29 Identification of an estrogen-mediated deoxyribonucleic acid-binding independent transactivation pathway on the epidermal growth factor receptor gene promoter. Endocrinology. 2000 Jun;141(6):2266-74.
REF 30 The human Pim-1 gene is selectively transcribed in different hemato-lymphoid cell lines in spite of a G + C-rich housekeeping promoter. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Apr;10(4):1680-8.
REF 31 Sp1 cooperates with c-Myc to activate transcription of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT). Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Feb 1;28(3):669-77.
REF 32 Constitutive protection of E2F recognition sequences in the human thymidine kinase promoter during cell cycle progression. J Biol Chem. 1997 Nov 28;272(48):30483-90.
REF 33 Mast cell-/basophil-specific transcriptional regulation of human L-histidine decarboxylase gene by CpG methylation in the promoter region. J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 20;273(47):31607-14.
REF 34 Cell-specific transcription of leukotriene C(4) synthase involves a Kruppel-like transcription factor and Sp1. J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 24;275(12):8903-10.
REF 35 Regulatory mechanisms controlling human hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha gene expression. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Nov;21(21):7320-30.
REF 36 Sp1 binding sites and an estrogen response element half-site are involved in regulation of the human progesterone receptor A promoter. Mol Endocrinol. 2000 Jul;14(7):972-85.
REF 37 Transcriptional activation of human 12-lipoxygenase gene promoter is mediated through Sp1 consensus sites in A431 cells. Biochem J. 1997 May 15;324 ( Pt 1):133-40.
REF 38 Minimal sequence and factor requirements for the initiation of transcription from an atypical, TATATAA box-containing housekeeping promoter. J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 25;265(33):20524-32.
REF 39 Regulation of the catalase gene promoter by Sp1, CCAAT-recognizing factors, and a WT1/Egr-related factor in hydrogen peroxide-resistant HP100 cells. Cancer Res. 2001 Aug 1;61(15):5885-94.
REF 40 Actions of two different cAMP-responsive sequences and an enhancer of the human CYP11A1 (P450scc) gene in adrenal Y1 and placental JEG-3 cells. J Biol Chem. 1994 Mar 4;269(9):6362-9.
REF 41 Noradrenergic-specific transcription of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene requires synergy of multiple cis-acting elements including at least two Phox2a-binding sites. J Neurosci. 1998 Oct 15;18(20):8247-60.
REF 42 The proximal promoter region of the gene encoding human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 contains GATA, AP-2, and Sp1 response elements: analysis of promoter function in choriocarcinoma cells. Endocrinology. 1997 Aug;138(8):3417-25.
REF 43 Co-operation of the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 with Sp1 or Sp3 leads to transcriptional activation of the human haem oxygenase-1 gene promoter in a hepatoma cell line. Biochem J. 2002 Nov 1;367(Pt 3):641-52.
REF 44 Transcriptional regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase by lysophosphatidylcholine. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jun 12;273(24):14885-90.
REF 45 Sp1 and C/EBP-related factor regulate the transcription of human Cu/Zn SOD gene. Gene. 1996 Oct 31;178(1-2):177-85.
REF 46 The human caspase-8 promoter sustains basal activity through SP1 and ETS-like transcription factors and can be up-regulated by a p53-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 25;278(30):27593-604.
REF 47 Estrogen receptor-Sp1 complexes mediate estrogen-induced cathepsin D gene expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jun 3;269(22):15912-7.
REF 48 Expression of the dibasic proprotein processing enzyme furin is directed by multiple promoters. J Biol Chem. 1994 Mar 25;269(12):9298-303.
REF 49 Cloning and functional characterization of the 5' flanking region of the human mitochondrial malic enzyme gene. Regulatory role of Sp1 and AP-2. Eur J Biochem. 2001 May;268(10):3017-27.
REF 50 Transcriptional regulation of the human neuropeptide Y gene by nerve growth factor. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jun 3;269(22):15460-8.
REF 51 Effect of abasic linker substitution on triplex formation, Sp1 binding, and specificity in an oligonucleotide targeted to the human Ha-ras promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 May 25;22(10):1909-16.
REF 52 Sp1 and thyroid hormone receptor differentially activate expression of human growth hormone and chorionic somatomammotropin genes. J Biol Chem. 1991 May 25;266(15):9805-13.
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REF 54 Characterization of the transcriptional regulatory region of the human WT1 gene. Oncogene. 1993 Nov;8(11):3123-32.
REF 55 YY1 and Sp1 transcription factors bind the human transferrin gene in an age-related manner. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1996 Jan;51(1):B66-75.
REF 56 Sp1 and Sp3 physically interact and co-operate with GABP for the activation of the utrophin promoter. J Mol Biol. 2001 Mar 9;306(5):985-96.
REF 57 An AP-1 site in the promoter of the human IL-5R alpha gene is necessary for promoter activity in eosinophilic HL60 cells. FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 4;434(3):251-4.
REF 58 Identification of transcription factor binding sites important in the regulation of the human interleukin-5 gene. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jun 27;272(26):16453-65.
REF 59 Cyclic AMP inhibits fibronectin gene expression in a newly developed granulosa cell line by a mechanism that suppresses cAMP-responsive element-dependent transcriptional activation. J Biol Chem. 1990 Oct 25;265(30):18219-26.
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REF 63 Identification and characterization of a 315-base pair enhancer, located more than 55 kilobases 5' of the apolipoprotein B gene, that confers expression in the intestine. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 25;275(34):26637-48.
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REF 65 Transcriptional regulation by C/EBP alpha and -beta in the expression of the gene for the MRP14 myeloid calcium binding protein. Cell Struct Funct. 1998 Jun;23(3):109-18.
REF 66 Role of the liver-enriched transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 in transcriptional regulation of the factor V111 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1996 May;16(5):1936-45.
REF 67 PU.1 (Spi-1) and C/EBP alpha regulate the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor promoter in myeloid cells. Blood. 1996 Aug 15;88(4):1234-47.
REF 68 The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein trans-activates the human cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene promoter. J Biol Chem. 1992 Nov 5;267(31):22336-9.
REF 69 The alpha2 and alpha5 integrin genes: identification of transcription factors that regulate promoter activity in epidermal keratinocytes. FEBS Lett. 2000 Jun 2;474(2-3):201-7.
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REF 71 Binding of the Ets factor GA-binding protein to an upstream site in the factor IX promoter is a critical event in transactivation. Mol Cell Biol. 1996 May;16(5):1929-35.
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REF 73 A different combination of transcription factors modulates the expression of the human transferrin promoter in liver and Sertoli cells. J Biol Chem. 1993 Nov 5;268(31):23399-408.
REF 74 cis-acting elements and transcription factors involved in the promoter activity of the human factor VIII gene. J Biol Chem. 1995 May 19;270(20):11828-38.
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REF 80 Members of the caudal family of homeodomain proteins repress transcription from the human apolipoprotein B promoter in intestinal cells. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jan 12;271(2):707-18.
REF 81 The two C/EBP isoforms, IL-6DBP/NF-IL6 and C/EBP delta/NF-IL6 beta, are induced by IL-6 to promote acute phase gene transcription via different mechanisms. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Jan 25;21(2):289-94.
REF 82 DBP binds to the proximal promoter and regulates liver-specific expression of the human angiotensinogen gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Oct 9;251(1):388-93.
REF 83 Down-regulation of the cyclin A promoter in differentiating human embryonal carcinoma cells is mediated by depletion of ATF-1 and ATF-2 in the complex at the ATF/CRE site. Exp Cell Res. 1995 Feb;216(2):422-30.
REF 84 Transcription factors RFX1/EF-C and ATF-1 associate with the adenovirus E1A-responsive element of the human proliferating cell nuclear antigen promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Sep 25;23(18):3732-41.
REF 85 The proximal regulatory element of the interferon-gamma promoter mediates selective expression in T cells. J Biol Chem. 1996 Dec 13;271(50):31964-72.
REF 86 Retinoblastoma gene product activates expression of the human TGF-beta 2 gene through transcription factor ATF-2. Nature. 1992 Jul 23;358(6384):331-4.
REF 87 The transcription factors ATF-1 and CREB-1 bind constitutively to the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) DNA recognition site. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Nov 25;23(22):4542-50.
REF 88 Oncostatin M stimulates transcription of the human alpha2(I) collagen gene via the Sp1/Sp3-binding site. J Biol Chem. 1997 Sep 26;272(39):24666-72.
REF 89 c-sis/PDGF-B promoter transactivation by the Yax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jun 14;271(24):14584-90.
REF 90 Induction of bcl-2 expression by phosphorylated CREB proteins during B-cell activation and rescue from apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Oct;16(10):5546-56.
REF 91 Transcription factors NF-IL6 and CREB recognize a common essential site in the human prointerleukin 1 beta gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Nov;14(11):7285-97.
REF 92 Functional mapping of a placenta-specific upstream promoter for human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene. Endocrinology. 2001 Apr;142(4):1506-16.
REF 93 Cyclic AMP- and phorbol ester-induced transcriptional activation are mediated by the same enhancer element in the human vasoactive intestinal peptide gene. J Biol Chem. 1991 Feb 25;266(6):3882-7.
REF 94 A redox factor protein, ref1, is involved in negative gene regulation by extracellular calcium. J Biol Chem. 1994 Nov 11;269(45):27855-62.
REF 95 CD4 promoter transactivation by human herpesvirus 6. J Virol. 1998 Nov;72(11):8797-805.
REF 96 Regulatory mechanisms of cAMP-dependent and cell-specific expression of human steroidogenic cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1) gene. Eur J Biochem. 1994 Jun 15;222(3):825-34.
REF 97 Differential binding of cAMP-responsive-element (CRE)-binding protein-1 and activating transcription factor-2 to a CRE-like element in the human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene promoter correlates with opposite regulation of t-PA by phorbol ester in HT-1080 and HeLa cells. Eur J Biochem. 1996 May 1;237(3):532-8.
REF 98 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 signaling pathways converge on the CREB-binding site in the human egr-1 promoter. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Sep;14(9):5975-85.
REF 99 Brain-specific expression of the human transferrin gene. Similar elements govern transcription in oligodendrocytes and in a neuronal cell line. J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 30;269(39):24504-10.

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