Target Information
| Target General Information | Top | |||||
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| Target ID |
T77664
(Former ID: TTDC00096)
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| Target Name |
Interferon-gamma (IFNG)
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| Synonyms |
Interferon gamma; Immune interferon; IFN-gamma
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| Gene Name |
IFNG
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| Target Type |
Successful target
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[1] | ||||
| Disease | [+] 1 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
| 1 | Adaptive immunity immunodeficiency [ICD-11: 4A01] | |||||
| Function |
Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons.
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| BioChemical Class |
Cytokine: interferon
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| UniProt ID | ||||||
| Sequence |
MKYTSYILAFQLCIVLGSLGCYCQDPYVKEAENLKKYFNAGHSDVADNGTLFLGILKNWK
EESDRKIMQSQIVSFYFKLFKNFKDDQSIQKSVETIKEDMNVKFFNSNKKKRDDFEKLTN YSVTDLNVQRKAIHELIQVMAELSPAAKTGKRKRSQMLFRGRRASQ Click to Show/Hide
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| 3D Structure | Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target | PDB | ||||
| ADReCS ID | BADD_A03065 | |||||
| HIT2.0 ID | T37VLU | |||||
| Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
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| Approved Drug(s) | [+] 1 Approved Drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Emapalumab | Drug Info | Approved | Primary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis | [1] | |
| Clinical Trial Drug(s) | [+] 4 Clinical Trial Drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Fumaric acid | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Multiple sclerosis | [2] | |
| 2 | VIR-201 | Drug Info | Phase 1/2 | Human immunodeficiency virus infection | [3] | |
| 3 | AMG 811 | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Systemic lupus erythematosus | [4] | |
| 4 | CIGB-128 | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Basal cell carcinoma | [5] | |
| Discontinued Drug(s) | [+] 4 Discontinued Drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | CRx-191 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Psoriatic disorder | [6] | |
| 2 | Fontolizumab | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Rheumatoid arthritis | [7] | |
| 3 | TAK-603 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Inflammatory bowel disease | [8] | |
| 4 | TG-1042 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | B-cell lymphoma | [9] | |
| Preclinical Drug(s) | [+] 1 Preclinical Drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | VPM-4-001 | Drug Info | Preclinical | Prostate cancer | [10] | |
| Mode of Action | [+] 3 Modes of Action | + | ||||
| Modulator | [+] 6 Modulator drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Emapalumab | Drug Info | [1] | |||
| 2 | VIR-201 | Drug Info | [11] | |||
| 3 | AMG 811 | Drug Info | [12] | |||
| 4 | CIGB-128 | Drug Info | [13] | |||
| 5 | TAK-603 | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 6 | TG-1042 | Drug Info | [17] | |||
| Binder | [+] 1 Binder drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Fumaric acid | Drug Info | [2] | |||
| Inhibitor | [+] 1 Inhibitor drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | CRx-191 | Drug Info | [14] | |||
| Cell-based Target Expression Variations | Top | |||||
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| Cell-based Target Expression Variations | ||||||
| Different Human System Profiles of Target | Top |
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Human Similarity Proteins
of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.
A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs
(Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).
Human Pathway Affiliation
of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.
Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes
(Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).
Biological Network Descriptors
of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database.
The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information
(Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018;
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017).
Human Similarity Proteins
Human Pathway Affiliation
Biological Network Descriptors
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There is no similarity protein (E value < 0.005) for this target
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| KEGG Pathway | Pathway ID | Affiliated Target | Pathway Map |
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| Proteasome | hsa03050 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Genetic Information Processing => Folding, sorting and degradation | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction | hsa04060 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signaling molecules and interaction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| HIF-1 signaling pathway | hsa04066 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Necroptosis | hsa04217 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Cellular Processes => Cell growth and death | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| TGF-beta signaling pathway | hsa04350 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Osteoclast differentiation | hsa04380 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Development and regeneration | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Antigen processing and presentation | hsa04612 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Immune system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| JAK-STAT signaling pathway | hsa04630 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity | hsa04650 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Immune system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| IL-17 signaling pathway | hsa04657 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Immune system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation | hsa04658 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Immune system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Th17 cell differentiation | hsa04659 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Immune system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| T cell receptor signaling pathway | hsa04660 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Immune system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Click to Show/Hide the Information of Affiliated Human Pathways | |||
| Degree | 13 | Degree centrality | 1.40E-03 | Betweenness centrality | 5.11E-05 |
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| Closeness centrality | 2.28E-01 | Radiality | 1.40E+01 | Clustering coefficient | 3.33E-01 |
| Neighborhood connectivity | 4.12E+01 | Topological coefficient | 1.36E-01 | Eccentricity | 11 |
| Download | Click to Download the Full PPI Network of This Target | ||||
| Target Regulators | Top | |||||
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| Target-regulating microRNAs | ||||||
| Target-regulating Transcription Factors | ||||||
| Target-interacting Proteins | ||||||
| Target Profiles in Patients | Top | |||||
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| Target Expression Profile (TEP) | ||||||
| Target-Related Models and Studies | Top | |||||
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| Target Validation | ||||||
| References | Top | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| REF 1 | 2018 FDA drug approvals.Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019 Feb;18(2):85-89. | |||||
| REF 2 | Emerging oral drugs for multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2008 Sep;13(3):465-77. | |||||
| REF 3 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800010310) | |||||
| REF 4 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800028077) | |||||
| REF 5 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800037683) | |||||
| REF 6 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800025635) | |||||
| REF 7 | Emerging drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2008 Mar;13(1):175-96. | |||||
| REF 8 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800006011) | |||||
| REF 9 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800010265) | |||||
| REF 10 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800023655) | |||||
| REF 11 | EP patent application no. 17782511, Nucleoside phosphonate conjugates as anti hiv agents. | |||||
| REF 12 | Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship of AMG 811, an anti-IFN-gamma IgG1 monoclonal antibody, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Pharm Res. 2015 Feb;32(2):640-53. | |||||
| REF 13 | Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characterization of a new formulation containing synergistic proportions of interferons alpha-2b and gamma (HeberPAG) in patients with mycosis fungoides: an open-label trial.BMC Pharmacol Toxicol.2012 Dec 28;13:20. | |||||
| REF 14 | CombinatoRx Drug Candidate CRx-191 Demonstrates Positive Phase 2 Results In Psoriasis. CombinatoRx. 2008. | |||||
| REF 15 | Emerging drugs to treat Crohn's disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2007 Mar;12(1):49-59. | |||||
| REF 16 | T helper 1 inhibitor TAK-603 inhibits IFN-gamma and IL-12 production with no effect on IL-18: an observation in sarcoidosis patients. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2004 Oct;21(3):204-11. | |||||
| REF 17 | Drug evaluation: TG-1042, an adenovirus-mediated IFNgamma gene delivery for the intratumoral therapy of primary cutaneous lymphomas. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 Jun;8(6):493-8. | |||||
| REF 18 | BioPartnering North America--Programs from Pharma in Europe and the Middle East. IDrugs. 2010 Mar;13(3):162-5. | |||||
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