Target General Infomation
Target ID
T47107
Former ID
TTDC00015
Target Name
Protein kinase C gamma type
Gene Name
PRKCG
Synonyms
PKC-gamma; PKCG; PRKCG
Target Type
Successful
Disease Acute myeloid leukemia [ICD9: 205; ICD10: C92.0]
Breast cancer; Colorectal cancer [ICD9: 153, 154, 174, 175; ICD10: C18-C21, C50]
Colon cancer; Breast cancer; CLL; AML; GIST [ICD9: 140-199, 150-159, 200, 202, 202.8, 204.1, 205.0, 210-229; ICD10: C00-C75, C15-C26, C7A, C7B, C81-C86, C82-C85, C91.1, C92.0, D10-D36, D3A]
Human immunodeficiency virus infection [ICD9: 279.3; ICD10: B20-B26]
Function
Calcium-activated, phospholipid-and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays diverse roles in neuronal cells and eye tissues, such as regulation of the neuronal receptors GRIA4/GLUR4 and GRIN1/NMDAR1, modulation of receptors and neuronal functions related to sensitivity to opiates, pain and alcohol, mediation of synaptic function and cell survival after ischemia, and inhibition of gap junction activity after oxidative stress. Binds and phosphorylates GRIA4/GLUR4 glutamate receptor and regulates its function by increasing plasma membrane-associated GRIA4 expression. In primary cerebellar neurons treated with the agonist 3,5-dihyidroxyphenylglycine, functions downstream of the metabotropic glutamate receptor GRM5/MGLUR5 and phosphorylates GRIN1/NMDAR1 receptor which plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, excitotoxicity, memory acquisition and learning. May be involved in the regulation of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), but may be not necessary for the process of synaptic plasticity. May be involved in desensitization of mu-type opioid receptor-mediated G-protein activation in the spinal cord, and may be critical for the development and/or maintenance ofmorphine-induced reinforcing effects in the limbic forebrain. May modulate the functionality of mu-type-opioid receptors by participating in a signaling pathway which leads to the phosphorylation anddegradation of opioid receptors. May also contributes to chronic morphine-induced changes in nociceptive processing. Plays a role in neuropathic pain mechanisms and contributes to the maintenance of the allodynia pain produced by peripheral inflammation. Plays an important role in initial sensitivity and tolerance to ethanol, by mediating the behavioral effects of ethanol as well as the effects of this drug on the GABA(A) receptors. During and after cerebral ischemia modulate neurotransmission and cell survival in synaptic membranes, and is involved in insulin-induced inhibition of necrosis, an important mechanism for minimizing ischemic injury. Required for the elimination of multiple climbing fibers during innervation of Purkinje cells in developing cerebellum. Is activated in lens epithelial cells upon hydrogen peroxide treatment, and phosphorylates connexin-43 (GJA1/CX43), resulting in disassembly of GJA1 gap junction plaques and inhibition of gap junction activity which could provide a protective effect against oxidative stress (By similarity). Phosphorylates p53/TP53 and promotes p53/TP53-dependent apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Involved in the phase resetting of the cerebral cortex circadian clock during temporally restricted feeding. Stabilizes the core clock component ARNTL/BMAL1 by interfering with its ubiquitination, thus suppressing its degradation, resultingin phase resetting of the cerebral cortex clock (By similarity).
BioChemical Class
Kinase
Target Validation
T47107
UniProt ID
EC Number
EC 2.7.11.13
Sequence
MAGLGPGVGDSEGGPRPLFCRKGALRQKVVHEVKSHKFTARFFKQPTFCSHCTDFIWGIG
KQGLQCQVCSFVVHRRCHEFVTFECPGAGKGPQTDDPRNKHKFRLHSYSSPTFCDHCGSL
LYGLVHQGMKCSCCEMNVHRRCVRSVPSLCGVDHTERRGRLQLEIRAPTADEIHVTVGEA
RNLIPMDPNGLSDPYVKLKLIPDPRNLTKQKTRTVKATLNPVWNETFVFNLKPGDVERRL
SVEVWDWDRTSRNDFMGAMSFGVSELLKAPVDGWYKLLNQEEGEYYNVPVADADNCSLLQ
KFEACNYPLELYERVRMGPSSSPIPSPSPSPTDPKRCFFGASPGRLHISDFSFLMVLGKG
SFGKVMLAERRGSDELYAIKILKKDVIVQDDDVDCTLVEKRVLALGGRGPGGRPHFLTQL
HSTFQTPDRLYFVMEYVTGGDLMYHIQQLGKFKEPHAAFYAAEIAIGLFFLHNQGIIYRD
LKLDNVMLDAEGHIKITDFGMCKENVFPGTTTRTFCGTPDYIAPEIIAYQPYGKSVDWWS
FGVLLYEMLAGQPPFDGEDEEELFQAIMEQTVTYPKSLSREAVAICKGFLTKHPGKRLGS
GPDGEPTIRAHGFFRWIDWERLERLEIPPPFRPRPCGRSGENFDKFFTRAAPALTPPDRL
VLASIDQADFQGFTYVNPDFVHPDARSPTSPVPVPVM
Drugs and Mode of Action
Drug(s) Midostaurin Drug Info Approved Acute myeloid leukemia [889446]
Midostaurin Drug Info Phase 2 Colon cancer; Breast cancer; CLL; AML; GIST [537114], [541045]
Midostaurin Drug Info Phase 1 Breast cancer; Colorectal cancer [537114], [541045]
BALANOL Drug Info Terminated Discovery agent [542983], [545589]
LY-317644 Drug Info Terminated Discovery agent [546513]
RO-320432 Drug Info Terminated Discovery agent [541291], [545975]
Inhibitor (-)-Cercosporamide Drug Info [529887]
2,3,3-Triphenyl-acrylonitrile Drug Info [528755]
2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3,3-diphenyl-acrylonitrile Drug Info [528755]
3,3-Bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-phenyl-acrylonitrile Drug Info [528755]
3,3-Bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-phenyl-acrylonitrile Drug Info [528755]
3,4-di-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione Drug Info [528032]
3,4-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione Drug Info [528032]
3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2,3-diphenyl-acrylonitrile Drug Info [528755]
3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione Drug Info [528032]
3-(indole-3-yl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione Drug Info [528032]
4-cycloheptyliden(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylphenol Drug Info [528755]
4-cyclohexyliden(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylphenol Drug Info [528755]
4-cyclopentyliden(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylphenol Drug Info [528755]
4-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-butenyl]phenol Drug Info [528755]
8-Octyl-benzolactam-V9 Drug Info [528158]
BALANOL Drug Info [551285]
GF-109203 Drug Info [529049]
Go 6983 Drug Info [534191]
Indolocarbazole analogue Drug Info [526234]
LY-317644 Drug Info [551283]
LY-326449 Drug Info [534154]
Midostaurin Drug Info [536474], [537142]
Monoctanoin component C Drug Info [551310]
PROSTRATIN Drug Info [527606]
RO-316233 Drug Info [528701]
Ro-32-0557 Drug Info [551264]
RO-320432 Drug Info [551264]
[2,2':5',2'']Terthiophen-4-yl-methanol Drug Info [525575]
[2,2':5',2'']Terthiophene-4,5''-dicarbaldehyde Drug Info [525575]
[2,2':5',2'']Terthiophene-4-carbaldehyde Drug Info [525575]
Target Expression Profile (TEP) and Drug Resistance Mutation (DRM)
TEP EXP Info
Pathways
KEGG Pathway MAPK signaling pathway
ErbB signaling pathway
Ras signaling pathway
Rap1 signaling pathway
Calcium signaling pathway
HIF-1 signaling pathway
Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
Sphingolipid signaling pathway
mTOR signaling pathway
Vascular smooth muscle contraction
Wnt signaling pathway
VEGF signaling pathway
Focal adhesion
Tight junction
Gap junction
Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis
Leukocyte transendothelial migration
Circadian entrainment
Long-term potentiation
Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling
Glutamatergic synapse
Cholinergic synapse
Serotonergic synapse
GABAergic synapse
Dopaminergic synapse
Long-term depression
Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels
Insulin secretion
Melanogenesis
Thyroid hormone synthesis
Thyroid hormone signaling pathway
Oxytocin signaling pathway
Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption
Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption
Salivary secretion
Gastric acid secretion
Pancreatic secretion
Amphetamine addiction
Morphine addiction
Vibrio cholerae infection
African trypanosomiasis
Amoebiasis
Hepatitis B
Pathways in cancer
Proteoglycans in cancer
MicroRNAs in cancer
Glioma
Non-small cell lung cancer
Choline metabolism in cancer
PANTHER Pathway Alpha adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
Alzheimer disease-amyloid secretase pathway
Angiogenesis
Apoptosis signaling pathway
EGF receptor signaling pathway
Endothelin signaling pathway
FGF signaling pathway
Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway-Gq alpha and Go alpha mediated pathway
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 and 3 signaling pathway
VEGF signaling pathway
Wnt signaling pathway
5HT2 type receptor mediated signaling pathway
Histamine H1 receptor mediated signaling pathway
Oxytocin receptor mediated signaling pathway
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor signaling pathway
Pathway Interaction Database Endothelins
Thromboxane A2 receptor signaling
Role of Calcineurin-dependent NFAT signaling in lymphocytes
Retinoic acid receptors-mediated signaling
IL8- and CXCR2-mediated signaling events
PAR1-mediated thrombin signaling events
IL8- and CXCR1-mediated signaling events
Reactome Calmodulin induced events
Disinhibition of SNARE formation
Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors
G alpha (z) signalling events
WNT5A-dependent internalization of FZD4
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+
WikiPathways Calcium Regulation in the Cardiac Cell
Wnt Signaling Pathway
Wnt Signaling Pathway and Pluripotency
MAPK Signaling Pathway
Wnt Signaling Pathway Netpath
G Protein Signaling Pathways
Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways
DAG and IP3 signaling
Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma
miRs in Muscle Cell Differentiation
Opioid Signalling
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+
References
Ref 537114Emerging therapies for multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2009 Mar;14(1):99-127.
Ref 541045(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5702).
Ref 541291(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6034).
Ref 542983(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 8142).
Ref 545589Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003814)
Ref 545975Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800005586)
Ref 546513Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800008685)
Ref 889446Drugs@FDA (Edaravone)
Ref 525575Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 1999 Aug 2;9(15):2279-82.Novel protein kinase C inhibitors: synthesis and PKC inhibition of beta-substituted polythiophene derivatives.
Ref 526234Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2002 Jan 21;12(2):147-50.Mixed lineage kinase activity of indolocarbazole analogues.
Ref 527606J Med Chem. 1992 May 29;35(11):1978-86.A nonpromoting phorbol from the samoan medicinal plant Homalanthus nutans inhibits cell killing by HIV-1.
Ref 528032J Med Chem. 2006 Feb 23;49(4):1271-81.Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 3,4-diarylmaleimides as angiogenesis inhibitors.
Ref 528158J Med Chem. 2006 May 4;49(9):2681-8.Design and synthesis of 8-octyl-benzolactam-V9, a selective activator for protein kinase C epsilon and eta.
Ref 528701J Med Chem. 1992 Jan;35(1):177-84.Inhibitors of protein kinase C. 1. 2,3-Bisarylmaleimides.
Ref 528755J Med Chem. 1992 Feb 7;35(3):573-83.Multivariate analysis by the minimum spanning tree method of the structural determinants of diphenylethylenes and triphenylacrylonitriles implicated in estrogen receptor binding, protein kinase C activity, and MCF7 cell proliferation.
Ref 529049J Biol Chem. 2007 Nov 9;282(45):33052-63. Epub 2007 Sep 17.Protein kinase C epsilon regulates gamma-aminobutyrate type A receptor sensitivity to ethanol and benzodiazepines through phosphorylation of gamma2 subunits.
Ref 529887Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Feb 1;19(3):724-6. Epub 2008 Dec 11.(-)-Cercosporamide derivatives as novel antihyperglycemic agents.
Ref 534154J Med Chem. 1996 Jul 5;39(14):2664-71.(S)-13-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-10,11,14,15-tetrahydro-4,9:16, 21-dimetheno-1H, 13H-dibenzo[e,k]pyrrolo[3,4-h][1,4,13]oxadiazacyclohexadecene-1,3(2H)-d ione (LY333531) and related analogues: isozyme selective inhibitors of protein kinase C beta.
Ref 534191Inhibition of protein kinase C mu by various inhibitors. Differentiation from protein kinase c isoenzymes. FEBS Lett. 1996 Aug 26;392(2):77-80.
Ref 536474A comparison of physicochemical property profiles of marketed oral drugs and orally bioavailable anti-cancer protein kinase inhibitors in clinical development. Curr Top Med Chem. 2007;7(14):1408-22.
Ref 537142CBL exon 8/9 mutants activate the FLT3 pathway and cluster in core binding factor/11q deletion acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome subtypes. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Apr 1;15(7):2238-47. Epub 2009 Mar 10.
Ref 551264Bisindolylmaleimide inhibitors of protein kinase C. Further conformational restriction of a tertiary amine side chain, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 4(11):1303-1308 (1994).
Ref 551283Synthesis of bisindolylmaleimide macrocycles, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 5(18):2093-2096 (1995).
Ref 551285Evaluation of differential hypoxic cytotoxicity and electrochemical studies of nitro 5-deazaflavins, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 5(18):2155-2160 (1995).
Ref 551310Synthesis and characterization of the second cysteine-rich region of mouse skin PKCGh, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 6(4):353-356 (1996).

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