Target General Infomation
Target ID
T49368
Former ID
TTDR01404
Target Name
mRNA of PKC-delta
Gene Name
PRKCD
Synonyms
PRKCD (mRNA); Protein kinase C delta type catalytic subunit (mRNA); SDK1 (mRNA); Tyrosine-protein kinase PRKCD (mRNA); nPKC-delta (mRNA); PRKCD
Target Type
Discontinued
Disease Human immunodeficiency virus infection [ICD9: 279.3; ICD10: B20-B26]
Function
Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays contrasting roles in cell death and cell survival by functioning as a pro-apoptotic protein during DNA damage-induced apoptosis, but acting as an anti-apoptotic protein during cytokine receptor- initiated cell death, is involved in tumor suppression as well as survival of several cancers, is required for oxygen radical production by NADPH oxidase and acts as positive or negative regulator in platelet functional responses. Negatively regulates B cell proliferation and also has an important function in self- antigen induced B cell tolerance induction. Upon DNA damage, activates the promoter of the death-promoting transcription factor BCLAF1/Btf to trigger BCLAF1-mediated p53/TP53 gene transcription and apoptosis. In response to oxidative stress, interact with and activate CHUK/IKKA in the nucleus, causing the phosphorylation of p53/TP53. In the case of ER stress or DNA damage-induced apoptosis, can form a complex with the tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 which trigger apoptosis independently of p53/TP53. In cytosol can trigger apoptosis by activating MAPK11 or MAPK14, inhibiting AKT1 and decreasing the level of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), whereas in nucleus induces apoptosis via the activation of MAPK8 or MAPK9. Upon ionizing radiation treatment, is required for the activation of the apoptosis regulators BAX and BAK, which trigger the mitochondrial cell death pathway. Can phosphorylate MCL1 and target it for degradation which is sufficient to trigger for BAX activation and apoptosis. Is required for the control of cell cycle progression both at G1/S and G2/M phases. Mediates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- induced inhibition of cell cycle progression at G1/S phase by up- regulating the CDK inhibitor CDKN1A/p21 and inhibiting the cyclin CCNA2 promoter activity. In response to UV irradiation can phosphorylate CDK1, which is important for the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint activation. Can protect glioma cells from the apoptosis induced by TNFSF10/TRAIL, probably by inducing increased phosphorylation and subsequent activation of AKT1. Is highly expressed in a number of cancer cells and promotes cell survival and resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs by inducing cyclin D1 (CCND1) and hyperphosphorylation of RB1, and via several pro- survival pathways, including NF-kappa-B, AKT1 and MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2). Can also act as tumor suppressor upon mitogenic stimulation with PMA or TPA. In N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl- phenylalanine (fMLP)-treated cells, is required for NCF1 (p47- phox) phosphorylation and activation of NADPH oxidase activity, and regulates TNF-elicited superoxide anion production in neutrophils, by direct phosphorylation and activation of NCF1 or indirectly through MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways. May also play a role in the regulation of NADPH oxidase activity in eosinophil after stimulation with IL5, leukotriene B4 or PMA. In collagen-induced platelet aggregation, acts a negative regulator of filopodia formation and actin polymerization by interacting with and negatively regulating VASP phosphorylation. Downstream of PAR1, PAR4 and CD36/GP4 receptors, regulates differentially platelet dense granule secretion; acts as a positive regulator in PAR-mediated granule secretion, whereas it negatively regulates CD36/GP4-mediated granule release. Phosphorylates MUC1 in the C- terminal and regulates the interaction between MUC1 and beta- catenin. The catalytic subunit phosphorylates 14-3-3 proteins (YWHAB, YWHAZ and YWHAH) ina sphingosine-dependent fashion (By similarity).
BioChemical Class
Kinase
Target Validation
T49368
UniProt ID
EC Number
EC 2.7.10.2
Sequence
MAPFLRIAFNSYELGSLQAEDEANQPFCAVKMKEALSTERGKTLVQKKPTMYPEWKSTFD
AHIYEGRVIQIVLMRAAEEPVSEVTVGVSVLAERCKKNNGKAEFWLDLQPQAKVLMSVQY
FLEDVDCKQSMRSEDEAKFPTMNRRGAIKQAKIHYIKNHEFIATFFGQPTFCSVCKDFVW
GLNKQGYKCRQCNAAIHKKCIDKIIGRCTGTAANSRDTIFQKERFNIDMPHRFKVHNYMS
PTFCDHCGSLLWGLVKQGLKCEDCGMNVHHKCREKVANLCGINQKLLAEALNQVTQRASR
RSDSASSEPVGIYQGFEKKTGVAGEDMQDNSGTYGKIWEGSSKCNINNFIFHKVLGKGSF
GKVLLGELKGRGEYFAIKALKKDVVLIDDDVECTMVEKRVLTLAAENPFLTHLICTFQTK
DHLFFVMEFLNGGDLMYHIQDKGRFELYRATFYAAEIMCGLQFLHSKGIIYRDLKLDNVL
LDRDGHIKIADFGMCKENIFGESRASTFCGTPDYIAPEILQGLKYTFSVDWWSFGVLLYE
MLIGQSPFHGDDEDELFESIRVDTPHYPRWITKESKDILEKLFEREPTKRLGVTGNIKIH
PFFKTINWTLLEKRRLEPPFRPKVKSPRDYSNFDQEFLNEKARLSYSDKNLIDSMDQSAF
AGFSFVNPKFEHLLED
Drugs and Mode of Action
Drug(s) BALANOL Drug Info Terminated Discovery agent [542983], [545589]
Inhibitor 8-Octyl-benzolactam-V9 Drug Info [528158]
BALANOL Drug Info [551285]
Dicarba-Closo-Dodecaborane analogue Drug Info [525598]
Diheptan-3-yl 5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalate Drug Info [530134]
Dihexan-3-yl 5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalate Drug Info [530134]
GF-109203 Drug Info [529049]
Go 6983 Drug Info [534191]
LY-326449 Drug Info [534154]
PROSTRATIN Drug Info [527606]
Pathways
KEGG Pathway Chemokine signaling pathway
Vascular smooth muscle contraction
Tight junction
Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway
Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis
Neurotrophin signaling pathway
Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels
GnRH signaling pathway
Estrogen signaling pathway
Type II diabetes mellitus
NetPath Pathway IL2 Signaling Pathway
PANTHER Pathway Alpha adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
Alzheimer disease-amyloid secretase pathway
Angiogenesis
Apoptosis signaling pathway
B cell activation
EGF receptor signaling pathway
Endothelin signaling pathway
FGF signaling pathway
Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway-Gq alpha and Go alpha mediated pathway
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 and 3 signaling pathway
VEGF signaling pathway
Wnt signaling pathway
5HT2 type receptor mediated signaling pathway
Histamine H1 receptor mediated signaling pathway
Oxytocin receptor mediated signaling pathway
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor signaling pathway
CCKR signaling map ST
Pathway Interaction Database Endothelins
LPA receptor mediated events
Thromboxane A2 receptor signaling
Role of Calcineurin-dependent NFAT signaling in lymphocytes
IGF1 pathway
Ceramide signaling pathway
IFN-gamma pathway
ErbB1 downstream signaling
Syndecan-4-mediated signaling events
IL6-mediated signaling events
PDGFR-beta signaling pathway
Hedgehog signaling events mediated by Gli proteins
Signaling events mediated by VEGFR1 and VEGFR2
PAR1-mediated thrombin signaling events
Syndecan-2-mediated signaling events
Validated transcriptional targets of TAp63 isoforms
p53 pathway
Trk receptor signaling mediated by the MAPK pathway
Trk receptor signaling mediated by PI3K and PLC-gamma
Alpha-synuclein signaling
Reactome Apoptotic cleavage of cellular proteins
Calmodulin induced events
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis
DAG and IP3 signaling
Role of phospholipids in phagocytosis
G alpha (z) signalling events
HuR (ELAVL1) binds and stabilizes mRNA
VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferation
CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling
Interferon gamma signaling
WikiPathways TCR Signaling Pathway
Type II interferon signaling (IFNG)
Calcium Regulation in the Cardiac Cell
Insulin Signaling
EGF/EGFR Signaling Pathway
Wnt Signaling Pathway
Wnt Signaling Pathway and Pluripotency
MAPK Signaling Pathway
IL-6 signaling pathway
G Protein Signaling Pathways
Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways
Regulation of mRNA Stability by Proteins that Bind AU-rich Elements
DAG and IP3 signaling
Alpha 6 Beta 4 signaling pathway
BDNF signaling pathway
Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
AGE/RAGE pathway
B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway
Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma
miRs in Muscle Cell Differentiation
Opioid Signalling
GPCR downstream signaling
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis
Apoptotic execution phase
Type II diabetes mellitus
References
Ref 542983(http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/) Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 8142).
Ref 545589Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003814)
Ref 525598Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 1999 Sep 6;9(17):2561-4.Protein kinase C modulators bearing dicarba-CLOSO-dodecaborane as a hydrophobic pharmacophore.
Ref 527606J Med Chem. 1992 May 29;35(11):1978-86.A nonpromoting phorbol from the samoan medicinal plant Homalanthus nutans inhibits cell killing by HIV-1.
Ref 528158J Med Chem. 2006 May 4;49(9):2681-8.Design and synthesis of 8-octyl-benzolactam-V9, a selective activator for protein kinase C epsilon and eta.
Ref 529049J Biol Chem. 2007 Nov 9;282(45):33052-63. Epub 2007 Sep 17.Protein kinase C epsilon regulates gamma-aminobutyrate type A receptor sensitivity to ethanol and benzodiazepines through phosphorylation of gamma2 subunits.
Ref 530134J Med Chem. 2009 Jul 9;52(13):3969-81.Design, synthesis, and biological activity of isophthalic acid derivatives targeted to the C1 domain of protein kinase C.
Ref 534154J Med Chem. 1996 Jul 5;39(14):2664-71.(S)-13-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-10,11,14,15-tetrahydro-4,9:16, 21-dimetheno-1H, 13H-dibenzo[e,k]pyrrolo[3,4-h][1,4,13]oxadiazacyclohexadecene-1,3(2H)-d ione (LY333531) and related analogues: isozyme selective inhibitors of protein kinase C beta.
Ref 534191Inhibition of protein kinase C mu by various inhibitors. Differentiation from protein kinase c isoenzymes. FEBS Lett. 1996 Aug 26;392(2):77-80.
Ref 549607US patent application no. 5,959,096, Antisense oligonucleotides against human protein kinase C.
Ref 549628US patent application no. 6,235,723, Antisense oligonucleotide modulation of human protein kinase C-.delta. expression.
Ref 551285Evaluation of differential hypoxic cytotoxicity and electrochemical studies of nitro 5-deazaflavins, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 5(18):2155-2160 (1995).

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