Target Information
Target General Information | Top | |||||
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Target ID |
T52671
(Former ID: TTDR00831)
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Target Name |
Apolipoprotein(a) (LPA)
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Synonyms |
Lp(a); Lipoprotein(a); LPA; Apo(a)
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Gene Name |
LPA
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Target Type |
Clinical trial target
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[1] | ||||
Disease | [+] 2 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
1 | Cardiovascular disease [ICD-11: BA00-BE2Z] | |||||
2 | Solid tumour/cancer [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z] | |||||
Function |
Apo(a) is the main constituent of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)). It has serine proteinase activity and is able of autoproteolysis. Inhibits tissue-type plasminogen activator 1. Lp(a) may be a ligand for megalin/Gp 330.
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BioChemical Class |
Apolipoprotein
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UniProt ID | ||||||
EC Number |
EC 3.4.21.-
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Sequence |
MEHKEVVLLLLLFLKSAAPEQSHVVQDCYHGDGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHQH
NRTTENYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTP VPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEY YPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEA PSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGL IMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAP TEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCR NPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPG VQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVA APYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYH GNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYT RDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSY RGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVR WEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYST TVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNL TQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRT CQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDA EGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSS MTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVA PPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSH SRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTP VPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEY YPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEA PSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGL IMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAP TEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCR NPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPG VQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVA APYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYH GNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYT RDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSY RGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVR WEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYST TVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNL TQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRT CQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDA EGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSS MTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVA PPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSH SRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTP VPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEY YPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEA PSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGL IMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAP TEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCR NPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPG VQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVA APYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYH GNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYT RDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSY RGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVR WEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYST TVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNL TQCSDAEGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRT CQAWSSMTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDAVAAPYCYTRDPGVRWEYCNLTQCSDA EGTAVAPPTVTPVPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSS MTPHSHSRTPEYYPNAGLIMNYCRNPDPVAAPYCYTRDPSVRWEYCNLTQCSDAEGTAVA PPTITPIPSLEAPSEQAPTEQRPGVQECYHGNGQSYQGTYFITVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHSH SRTPAYYPNAGLIKNYCRNPDPVAAPWCYTTDPSVRWEYCNLTRCSDAEWTAFVPPNVIL APSLEAFFEQALTEETPGVQDCYYHYGQSYRGTYSTTVTGRTCQAWSSMTPHQHSRTPEN YPNAGLTRNYCRNPDAEIRPWCYTMDPSVRWEYCNLTQCLVTESSVLATLTVVPDPSTEA SSEEAPTEQSPGVQDCYHGDGQSYRGSFSTTVTGRTCQSWSSMTPHWHQRTTEYYPNGGL TRNYCRNPDAEISPWCYTMDPNVRWEYCNLTQCPVTESSVLATSTAVSEQAPTEQSPTVQ DCYHGDGQSYRGSFSTTVTGRTCQSWSSMTPHWHQRTTEYYPNGGLTRNYCRNPDAEIRP WCYTMDPSVRWEYCNLTQCPVMESTLLTTPTVVPVPSTELPSEEAPTENSTGVQDCYRGD GQSYRGTLSTTITGRTCQSWSSMTPHWHRRIPLYYPNAGLTRNYCRNPDAEIRPWCYTMD PSVRWEYCNLTRCPVTESSVLTTPTVAPVPSTEAPSEQAPPEKSPVVQDCYHGDGRSYRG ISSTTVTGRTCQSWSSMIPHWHQRTPENYPNAGLTENYCRNPDSGKQPWCYTTDPCVRWE YCNLTQCSETESGVLETPTVVPVPSMEAHSEAAPTEQTPVVRQCYHGNGQSYRGTFSTTV TGRTCQSWSSMTPHRHQRTPENYPNDGLTMNYCRNPDADTGPWCFTMDPSIRWEYCNLTR CSDTEGTVVAPPTVIQVPSLGPPSEQDCMFGNGKGYRGKKATTVTGTPCQEWAAQEPHRH STFIPGTNKWAGLEKNYCRNPDGDINGPWCYTMNPRKLFDYCDIPLCASSSFDCGKPQVE PKKCPGSIVGGCVAHPHSWPWQVSLRTRFGKHFCGGTLISPEWVLTAAHCLKKSSRPSSY KVILGAHQEVNLESHVQEIEVSRLFLEPTQADIALLKLSRPAVITDKVMPACLPSPDYMV TARTECYITGWGETQGTFGTGLLKEAQLLVIENEVCNHYKYICAEHLARGTDSCQGDSGG PLVCFEKDKYILQGVTSWGLGCARPNKPGVYARVSRFVTWIEGMMRNN Click to Show/Hide
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Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
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Clinical Trial Drug(s) | [+] 2 Clinical Trial Drugs | + | ||||
1 | LY3473329 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Cardiovascular disease | [2] | |
2 | MG-1102 | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Solid tumour/cancer | [3] | |
Mode of Action | [+] 2 Modes of Action | + | ||||
Inhibitor | [+] 1 Inhibitor drugs | + | ||||
1 | LY3473329 | Drug Info | [4] | |||
Modulator | [+] 1 Modulator drugs | + | ||||
1 | MG-1102 | Drug Info | [1] |
Cell-based Target Expression Variations | Top | |||||
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Cell-based Target Expression Variations |
Drug Binding Sites of Target | Top | |||||
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Ligand Name: Ciprofloxacin | Ligand Info | |||||
Structure Description | Identification of small molecule inhibitors selective for apo(a) kringles KIV-7, KIV-10 and KV. | PDB:4BVV | ||||
Method | X-ray diffraction | Resolution | 1.80 Å | Mutation | No | [5] |
PDB Sequence |
DCMFGNGKGY
9 RGKKATTVTG19 TPCQEWAAQE29 PHRHSTFIPG39 TNKWAGLEKN49 YCRNPDGDIN 59 GPWCYTMNPR69 KLFDYCDIPL79 C
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Ligand Name: Aminocaproic acid | Ligand Info | |||||
Structure Description | RECOMBINANT KRINGLE IV-10/M66 VARIANT OF HUMAN APOLIPOPROTEIN(A) | PDB:3KIV | ||||
Method | X-ray diffraction | Resolution | 1.80 Å | Mutation | Yes | [6] |
PDB Sequence |
QCYHGNGQSY
9 RGTFSTTVTG19 RTCQSWSSMT29 PHRHQRTPEN40 YPNDGLTMNY50 CRNPDADTGP 61 WCFTTDPSIR71 WEYCNLTRC
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Click to View More Binding Site Information of This Target with Different Ligands |
Different Human System Profiles of Target | Top |
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Human Similarity Proteins
of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.
A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs
(Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).
Human Tissue Distribution
of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues.
The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects
(Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021).
Biological Network Descriptors
of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database.
The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information
(Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018;
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017).
Human Similarity Proteins
Human Tissue Distribution
Biological Network Descriptors
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There is no similarity protein (E value < 0.005) for this target
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Note:
If a protein has TS (tissue specficity) scores at least in one tissue >= 2.5, this protein is called tissue-enriched (including tissue-enriched-but-not-specific and tissue-specific). In the plots, the vertical lines are at thresholds 2.5 and 4.
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Degree | 6 | Degree centrality | 6.45E-04 | Betweenness centrality | 3.28E-06 |
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Closeness centrality | 1.78E-01 | Radiality | 1.29E+01 | Clustering coefficient | 6.00E-01 |
Neighborhood connectivity | 1.60E+01 | Topological coefficient | 3.48E-01 | Eccentricity | 11 |
Download | Click to Download the Full PPI Network of This Target | ||||
Target Affiliated Biological Pathways | Top | |||||
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NetPath Pathway | [+] 1 NetPath Pathways | + | ||||
1 | IL2 Signaling Pathway | |||||
Panther Pathway | [+] 1 Panther Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Plasminogen activating cascade | |||||
PID Pathway | [+] 1 PID Pathways | + | ||||
1 | amb2 Integrin signaling | |||||
Reactome | [+] 1 Reactome Pathways | + | ||||
1 | LDL-mediated lipid transport | |||||
WikiPathways | [+] 1 WikiPathways | + | ||||
1 | Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport |
References | Top | |||||
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REF 1 | Targeted antivascular therapy with the apolipoprotein(a) kringle V, rhLK8, inhibits the growth and metastasis of human prostate cancer in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Neoplasia. 2012 Apr;14(4):335-43. | |||||
REF 2 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05563246) KRAKEN: A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Once-Daily LY3473329 in Adults With Elevated Lipoprotein(a) at High Risk for Cardiovascular Events. U.S.National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01809912) Safety Study of MG1102 in Patients With Solid Tumors. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 4 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2023. Adis Insight | |||||
REF 5 | Small Molecules Used to Decipher the Pathophysiological Roles of the Kringle Domains Kiv-7, - 10 and Kv of Apolipoprotein(A) | |||||
REF 6 | Recombinant kringle IV-10 modules of human apolipoprotein(a): structure, ligand binding modes, and biological relevance. Biochemistry. 1999 Feb 16;38(7):1990-8. |
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