Target Information

Target General Information

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Target ID

T92185 (Former ID: TTDI03440)

Target Name

PACAP type I receptor (PAC1R)

Synonyms

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor; PACAP-R1; PACAP-R-1

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Gene Name

ADCYAP1R1

Target Type

Clinical trial target

[1]

Disease

[+] 1 Target-related Diseases

Migraine [ICD-11: 8A80]

Function

This is a receptor for PACAP-27 and PACAP-38. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. May regulate the release of adrenocorticotropin, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, prolactin, epinephrine, and catecholamine. May play a role in spermatogenesis and sperm motility. Causes smooth muscle relaxation and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract.

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UniProt ID

PACR_HUMAN

Sequence

MAGVVHVSLAALLLLPMAPAMHSDCIFKKEQAMCLEKIQRANELMGFNDSSPGCPGMWDN
ITCWKPAHVGEMVLVSCPELFRIFNPDQVWETETIGESDFGDSNSLDLSDMGVVSRNCTE
DGWSEPFPHYFDACGFDEYESETGDQDYYYLSVKALYTVGYSTSLVTLTTAMVILCRFRK
LHCTRNFIHMNLFVSFMLRAISVFIKDWILYAEQDSNHCFISTVECKAVMVFFHYCVVSN
YFWLFIEGLYLFTLLVETFFPERRYFYWYTIIGWGTPTVCVTVWATLRLYFDDTGCWDMN
DSTALWWVIKGPVVGSIMVNFVLFIGIIVILVQKLQSPDMGGNESSIYLRLARSTLLLIP
LFGIHYTVFAFSPENVSKRERLVFELGLGSFQGFVVAVLYCFLNGEVQAEIKRKWRSWKV
NRYFAVDFKHRHPSLASSGVNGGTQLSILSKSSSQIRMSGLPADNLAT

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3D Structure

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PDB

Drugs and Modes of Action

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Clinical Trial Drug(s)

[+] 1 Clinical Trial Drugs

AMG 301

Drug Info

Phase 2

Migraine

[1]

Mode of Action

[+] 2 Modes of Action

Inhibitor

[+] 1 Inhibitor drugs

AMG 301

Drug Info

[1]

Agonist

[+] 1 Agonist drugs

PACAP-27

Drug Info

[2]

Cell-based Target Expression Variations

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Cell-based Target Expression Variations

Cell-based Target Expression Variations Info

Different Human System Profiles of Target	Top
Human Similarity Proteins of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target. A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs (Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020). Human Tissue Distribution of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues. The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects (Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021). Human Pathway Affiliation of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function. Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes (Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006). Biological Network Descriptors of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database. The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information (Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018; Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017). Human Similarity Proteins Human Tissue Distribution Human Pathway Affiliation Biological Network Descriptors

Different Human System Profiles of Target

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Human Similarity Proteins of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.

A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs (Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).

Human Tissue Distribution of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues.

The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects (Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021).

Human Pathway Affiliation of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.

Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes (Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).

Biological Network Descriptors of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database.

The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information (Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018; Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017).

Human Similarity Proteins

Human Tissue Distribution

Human Pathway Affiliation

Biological Network Descriptors

There is no similarity protein (E value < 0.005) for this target


Note: If a protein has TS (tissue specficity) scores at least in one tissue >= 2.5, this protein is called tissue-enriched (including tissue-enriched-but-not-specific and tissue-specific). In the plots, the vertical lines are at thresholds 2.5 and 4.

KEGG Pathway	Pathway ID	Affiliated Target
cAMP signaling pathway	hsa04024	Affiliated Target
Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction	Pathway Hierarchy
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction	hsa04080	Affiliated Target
Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signaling molecules and interaction	Pathway Hierarchy
Circadian entrainment	hsa04713	Affiliated Target
Class: Organismal Systems => Environmental adaptation	Pathway Hierarchy
Insulin secretion	hsa04911	Affiliated Target
Class: Organismal Systems => Endocrine system	Pathway Hierarchy
Renin secretion	hsa04924	Affiliated Target
Class: Organismal Systems => Endocrine system	Pathway Hierarchy

Degree	1	Degree centrality	1.07E-04	Betweenness centrality	0.00E+00
Closeness centrality	1.56E-01	Radiality	1.22E+01	Clustering coefficient	0.00E+00
Neighborhood connectivity	5.00E+00	Topological coefficient	1.00E+00	Eccentricity	14
Download	Click to Download the Full PPI Network of This Target

Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target

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References

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REF 1

Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)

REF 2

A systematic comparison of intracellular cyclic AMP and calcium signalling highlights complexities in human VPAC/PAC receptor pharmacology. Neuropharmacology. 2006 Nov;51(6):1086-98.

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