Target Information

Target General Information

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Target ID

T89251

Target Name

Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX)

Synonyms

Bcl-2-like protein 4; Bcl2-L-4

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Gene Name

BAX

Target Type

Clinical trial target

[1]

Disease

[+] 1 Target-related Diseases

Ovarian dysfunction [ICD-11: 5A80]

Function

Plays a role in the mitochondrial apoptotic process. Under normal conditions, BAX is largely cytosolic via constant retrotranslocation from mitochondria to the cytosol mediated by BCL2L1/Bcl-xL, which avoids accumulation of toxic BAX levels at the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). Under stress conditions, undergoes a conformation change that causes translocation to the mitochondrion membrane, leading to the release of cytochrome c that then triggers apoptosis. Promotes activation of CASP3, and thereby apoptosis.

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UniProt ID

BAX_HUMAN

Sequence

MDGSGEQPRGGGPTSSEQIMKTGALLLQGFIQDRAGRMGGEAPELALDPVPQDASTKKLS
ECLKRIGDELDSNMELQRMIAAVDTDSPREVFFRVAADMFSDGNFNWGRVVALFYFASKL
VLKALCTKVPELIRTIMGWTLDFLRERLLGWIQDQGGWDGLLSYFGTPTWQTVTIFVAGV
LTASLTIWKKMG

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3D Structure

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PDB

ADReCS ID

BADD_A05213 ; BADD_A05519 ; BADD_A05675 ; BADD_A08298

HIT2.0 ID

T80TUC

Drugs and Modes of Action

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Clinical Trial Drug(s)

[+] 1 Clinical Trial Drugs

Thymoquinone

Drug Info

Phase 2/3

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

[2]

Mode of Action

[+] 1 Modes of Action

Inhibitor

[+] 1 Inhibitor drugs

Thymoquinone

Drug Info

[1]

Cell-based Target Expression Variations

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Cell-based Target Expression Variations

Cell-based Target Expression Variations Info

Different Human System Profiles of Target	Top
Human Similarity Proteins of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target. A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs (Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020). Human Tissue Distribution of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues. The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects (Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021). Human Pathway Affiliation of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function. Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes (Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006). Biological Network Descriptors of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database. The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information (Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018; Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017). Human Similarity Proteins Human Tissue Distribution Human Pathway Affiliation Biological Network Descriptors

Different Human System Profiles of Target

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Human Similarity Proteins of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.

A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs (Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).

Human Tissue Distribution of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues.

The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects (Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021).

Human Pathway Affiliation of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.

Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes (Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).

Biological Network Descriptors of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database.

The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information (Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018; Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017).

Human Similarity Proteins

Human Tissue Distribution

Human Pathway Affiliation

Biological Network Descriptors

There is no similarity protein (E value < 0.005) for this target


Note: If a protein has TS (tissue specficity) scores at least in one tissue >= 2.5, this protein is called tissue-enriched (including tissue-enriched-but-not-specific and tissue-specific). In the plots, the vertical lines are at thresholds 2.5 and 4.

KEGG Pathway	Pathway ID	Affiliated Target
Sphingolipid signaling pathway	hsa04071	Affiliated Target
Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction	Pathway Hierarchy
p53 signaling pathway	hsa04115	Affiliated Target
Class: Cellular Processes => Cell growth and death	Pathway Hierarchy
Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum	hsa04141	Affiliated Target
Class: Genetic Information Processing => Folding, sorting and degradation	Pathway Hierarchy
Apoptosis	hsa04210	Affiliated Target
Class: Cellular Processes => Cell growth and death	Pathway Hierarchy
Longevity regulating pathway	hsa04211	Affiliated Target
Class: Organismal Systems => Aging	Pathway Hierarchy
Apoptosis - multiple species	hsa04215	Affiliated Target
Class: Cellular Processes => Cell growth and death	Pathway Hierarchy
Necroptosis	hsa04217	Affiliated Target
Class: Cellular Processes => Cell growth and death	Pathway Hierarchy
Neurotrophin signaling pathway	hsa04722	Affiliated Target
Class: Organismal Systems => Nervous system	Pathway Hierarchy
Click to Show/Hide the Information of Affiliated Human Pathways

Degree	14	Degree centrality	1.50E-03	Betweenness centrality	3.92E-04
Closeness centrality	2.39E-01	Radiality	1.42E+01	Clustering coefficient	4.40E-01
Neighborhood connectivity	4.36E+01	Topological coefficient	9.95E-02	Eccentricity	11
Download	Click to Download the Full PPI Network of This Target

References

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REF 1

Apoptosis as a mechanism for the treatment of adult T cell leukemia: promising drugs from benchside to bedside. Drug Discov Today. 2020 Jul;25(7):1189-1197.

REF 2

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04852510) Amelioration of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Related Disorders by Supplementation of Thymoquinone and Metformin. U.S. National Institutes of Health.

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