Target Information
Target General Information | Top | |||||
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Target ID |
T78552
(Former ID: TTDI02529)
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Target Name |
Membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (CD59)
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Synonyms |
Protectin; Membrane attack complex inhibition factor; MSK21; MIRL; MIN3; MIN2; MIN1; MIC11; MEM43 antigen; MACinhibitory protein; MACIP; MACIF; MAC-inhibitory protein; MAC-IP; HRF20; HRF-20; CD59 glycoprotein; 20 kDa homologous restriction factor; 1F5 antigen
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Gene Name |
CD59
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Target Type |
Clinical trial target
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[1] | ||||
Disease | [+] 2 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
1 | Macular degeneration [ICD-11: 9B75] | |||||
2 | Retinopathy [ICD-11: 9B71] | |||||
Function |
Acts by binding to the C8 and/or C9 complements of the assembling MAC, thereby preventing incorporation of the multiple copies of C9 required for complete formation of the osmolytic pore. This inhibitor appears to be species-specific. Involved in signal transduction for T-cell activation complexed to a protein tyrosine kinase. Potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) action.
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UniProt ID | ||||||
Sequence |
MGIQGGSVLFGLLLVLAVFCHSGHSLQCYNCPNPTADCKTAVNCSSDFDACLITKAGLQV
YNKCWKFEHCNFNDVTTRLRENELTYYCCKKDLCNFNEQLENGGTSLSEKTVLLLVTPFL AAAWSLHP Click to Show/Hide
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3D Structure | Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target | AlphaFold |
Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
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Clinical Trial Drug(s) | [+] 1 Clinical Trial Drugs | + | ||||
1 | HMR59 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Wet age-related macular degeneration | [2] | |
Mode of Action | [+] 1 Modes of Action | + | ||||
Replacement | [+] 1 Replacement drugs | + | ||||
1 | HMR59 | Drug Info | [3] |
Cell-based Target Expression Variations | Top | |||||
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Cell-based Target Expression Variations |
Different Human System Profiles of Target | Top |
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Human Similarity Proteins
of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.
A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs
(Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).
Human Tissue Distribution
of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues.
The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects
(Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021).
Human Pathway Affiliation
of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.
Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes
(Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).
Biological Network Descriptors
of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database.
The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information
(Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018;
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017).
Human Similarity Proteins
Human Tissue Distribution
Human Pathway Affiliation
Biological Network Descriptors
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There is no similarity protein (E value < 0.005) for this target
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Note:
If a protein has TS (tissue specficity) scores at least in one tissue >= 2.5, this protein is called tissue-enriched (including tissue-enriched-but-not-specific and tissue-specific). In the plots, the vertical lines are at thresholds 2.5 and 4.
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KEGG Pathway | Pathway ID | Affiliated Target | Pathway Map |
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Complement and coagulation cascades | hsa04610 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Organismal Systems => Immune system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
Hematopoietic cell lineage | hsa04640 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Organismal Systems => Immune system | Pathway Hierarchy |
Degree | 3 | Degree centrality | 3.22E-04 | Betweenness centrality | 1.88E-04 |
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Closeness centrality | 1.74E-01 | Radiality | 1.28E+01 | Clustering coefficient | 0.00E+00 |
Neighborhood connectivity | 8.33E+00 | Topological coefficient | 3.33E-01 | Eccentricity | 13 |
Download | Click to Download the Full PPI Network of This Target | ||||
References | Top | |||||
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REF 1 | Isolation and functional assay of the membrane complement inhibitors CD55 (DAF) and CD59 (MIRL). Curr Protoc Immunol. 2001 May;Chapter 13:Unit 13.5. | |||||
REF 2 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04358471) Intravitreal AAVCAGsCD59 for Advanced Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) With Geographic Atrophy (GA). U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 3 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Hemera Biosciences. |
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