Target Information

Target General Information

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Target ID

T25705 (Former ID: TTDI03200)

Target Name

N-formyl peptide receptor 3 (FPR3)

Synonyms

Formyl peptide receptor-like 2; FPRL2; FPRH1; FMLP-related receptor II; FMLP-R-II

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Gene Name

FPR3

Target Type

Literature-reported target

[1]

Disease

[+] 1 Target-related Diseases

Alzheimer disease [ICD-11: 8A20]

Function

Low affinity receptor for N-formyl-methionyl peptides, which are powerful neutrophils chemotactic factors. Binding of FMLP to the receptor causes activation of neutrophils. This response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.

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UniProt ID

FPR3_HUMAN

Sequence

METNFSIPLNETEEVLPEPAGHTVLWIFSLLVHGVTFVFGVLGNGLVIWVAGFRMTRTVN
TICYLNLALADFSFSAILPFRMVSVAMREKWPFGSFLCKLVHVMIDINLFVSVYLITIIA
LDRCICVLHPAWAQNHRTMSLAKRVMTGLWIFTIVLTLPNFIFWTTISTTNGDTYCIFNF
AFWGDTAVERLNVFITMAKVFLILHFIIGFSVPMSIITVCYGIIAAKIHRNHMIKSSRPL
RVFAAVVASFFICWFPYELIGILMAVWLKEMLLNGKYKIILVLINPTSSLAFFNSCLNPI
LYVFMGRNFQERLIRSLPTSLERALTEVPDSAQTSNTDTTSASPPEETELQAM

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3D Structure

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AlphaFold

Drugs and Modes of Action

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Preclinical Drug(s)

[+] 1 Preclinical Drugs

humanin

Drug Info

Preclinical

Alzheimer disease

[2]

Mode of Action

[+] 1 Modes of Action

Agonist

[+] 2 Agonist drugs

humanin

Drug Info

[1]

LXA4

Drug Info

[3]

Cell-based Target Expression Variations

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Cell-based Target Expression Variations

Cell-based Target Expression Variations Info

Different Human System Profiles of Target	Top
Human Similarity Proteins of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target. A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs (Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020). Human Tissue Distribution of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues. The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects (Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021). Human Pathway Affiliation of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function. Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes (Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006). Biological Network Descriptors of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database. The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information (Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018; Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017). Human Similarity Proteins Human Tissue Distribution Human Pathway Affiliation Biological Network Descriptors

Different Human System Profiles of Target

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Human Similarity Proteins of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.

A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs (Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).

Human Tissue Distribution of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues.

The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects (Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021).

Human Pathway Affiliation of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.

Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes (Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).

Biological Network Descriptors of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database.

The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information (Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018; Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017).

Human Similarity Proteins

Human Tissue Distribution

Human Pathway Affiliation

Biological Network Descriptors

Protein Name	Percentage of Identity (%)	E value
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor MRG (MAS1L)	23.473 (73/311)	7.77E-10
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member F (MRGPRF)	28.926 (35/121)	1.72E-05
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member G (MRGPRG)	32.323 (32/99)	3.57E-05


Note: If a protein has TS (tissue specficity) scores at least in one tissue >= 2.5, this protein is called tissue-enriched (including tissue-enriched-but-not-specific and tissue-specific). In the plots, the vertical lines are at thresholds 2.5 and 4.

KEGG Pathway	Pathway ID	Affiliated Target
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction	hsa04080	Affiliated Target
Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signaling molecules and interaction	Pathway Hierarchy
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation	hsa04613	Affiliated Target
Class: Organismal Systems => Immune system	Pathway Hierarchy

Degree	2	Degree centrality	2.15E-04	Betweenness centrality	2.02E-04
Closeness centrality	1.47E-01	Radiality	1.19E+01	Clustering coefficient	0.00E+00
Neighborhood connectivity	3.00E+00	Topological coefficient	5.00E-01	Eccentricity	14
Download	Click to Download the Full PPI Network of This Target

References

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REF 1

N-Formylated humanin activates both formyl peptide receptor-like 1 and 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Nov 5;324(1):255-61.

REF 2

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03431844) Humanin Isoforms in Cardiac Muscle and Blood Plasma and Major Complications After Cardiac Operation. U.S. National Institutes of Health.

REF 3

Aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and LXA4 stable analogues are potent inhibitors of acute inflammation: evidence for anti-inflammatory receptors. J Exp Med. 1997 May 5;185(9):1693-704.

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