Target Information

Target General Information

Target ID

T94048 (Former ID: TTDI00223)

Target Name

Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)

Synonyms

Yorkie homolog; Yes-associated protein YAP65 homolog; YAP65; Transcriptional coactivator YAP1; Protein yorkie homolog; 65 kDa Yes-associated protein

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Gene Name

YAP1

Target Type

Literature-reported target

[1]

Function

The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncoprotein and WWTR1/TAZ. Plays a key role in tissue tension and 3D tissue shape by regulating cortical actomyosin network formation. Acts via ARHGAP18, a Rho GTPase activating protein that suppresses F-actin polymerization. Plays a key role to control cell proliferation in response to cell contact. Phosphorylation of YAP1 by LATS1/2 inhibits its translocation into the nucleus to regulate cellular genes important for cell proliferation, cell death, and cell migration. The presence of TEAD transcription factors are required for it to stimulate gene expression, cell growth, anchorage-independent growth, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction. Transcriptional regulator which can act both as a coactivator and a corepressor and is the critical downstream regulatory target in the Hippo signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis.

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UniProt ID

YAP1_HUMAN

Sequence

MDPGQQPPPQPAPQGQGQPPSQPPQGQGPPSGPGQPAPAATQAAPQAPPAGHQIVHVRGD
SETDLEALFNAVMNPKTANVPQTVPMRLRKLPDSFFKPPEPKSHSRQASTDAGTAGALTP
QHVRAHSSPASLQLGAVSPGTLTPTGVVSGPAATPTAQHLRQSSFEIPDDVPLPAGWEMA
KTSSGQRYFLNHIDQTTTWQDPRKAMLSQMNVTAPTSPPVQQNMMNSASGPLPDGWEQAM
TQDGEIYYINHKNKTTSWLDPRLDPRFAMNQRISQSAPVKQPPPLAPQSPQGGVMGGSNS
NQQQQMRLQQLQMEKERLRLKQQELLRQAMRNINPSTANSPKCQELALRSQLPTLEQDGG
TQNPVSSPGMSQELRTMTTNSSDPFLNSGTYHSRDESTDSGLSMSSYSVPRTPDDFLNSV
DEMDTGDTINQSTLPSQQNRFPDYLEAIPGTNVDLGTLEGDGMNIEGEELMPSLQEALSS
DILNDMESVLAATKLDKESFLTWL

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3D Structure

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AlphaFold

HIT2.0 ID

T53Z7Y

Cell-based Target Expression Variations

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Cell-based Target Expression Variations

Cell-based Target Expression Variations Info

Drug Binding Sites of Target

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Ligand Name: Octane

Ligand Info

Structure Description

YAP65 WW domain complexed to N-(n-octyl)-GPPPY-NH2

PDB:1K9Q

Method

Solution NMR

Resolution

N.A.

Mutation

Yes

[2]

PDB Sequence

FEIPDDVPLP

¹⁴

AGWEMAKTSS

²⁴

GQRYFLNHID

³⁴

QTTTWQDPRK

⁴⁴

Residue

Distance (Å)

TRP39

4.646

Residue

Distance (Å)

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Different Human System Profiles of Target	Top
Human Similarity Proteins of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target. A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs (Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020). Human Tissue Distribution of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues. The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects (Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021). Human Pathway Affiliation of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function. Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes (Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006). Biological Network Descriptors of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database. The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information (Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018; Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017). Human Similarity Proteins Human Tissue Distribution Human Pathway Affiliation Biological Network Descriptors

Different Human System Profiles of Target

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Human Similarity Proteins of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.

A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs (Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).

Human Tissue Distribution of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues.

The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects (Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021).

Human Pathway Affiliation of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.

Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes (Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).

Biological Network Descriptors of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database.

The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information (Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018; Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017).

Human Similarity Proteins

Human Tissue Distribution

Human Pathway Affiliation

Biological Network Descriptors

Protein Name	Pfam ID	Percentage of Identity (%)	E value
Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 7 (PLEKHA7)	PF00169	31.461 (28/89)	1.39E-07
FERM and PDZ domain-containing protein 4 (FRMPD4)	PF00373 ; PF00595	46.667 (14/30)	4.00E-03


Note: If a protein has TS (tissue specficity) scores at least in one tissue >= 2.5, this protein is called tissue-enriched (including tissue-enriched-but-not-specific and tissue-specific). In the plots, the vertical lines are at thresholds 2.5 and 4.

KEGG Pathway	Pathway ID	Affiliated Target
Hippo signaling pathway	hsa04390	Affiliated Target
Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction	Pathway Hierarchy
Hippo signaling pathway - multiple species	hsa04392	Affiliated Target
Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction	Pathway Hierarchy

Degree	32	Degree centrality	3.44E-03	Betweenness centrality	3.10E-03
Closeness centrality	2.41E-01	Radiality	1.42E+01	Clustering coefficient	7.26E-02
Neighborhood connectivity	2.54E+01	Topological coefficient	5.07E-02	Eccentricity	12
Download	Click to Download the Full PPI Network of This Target

Target Regulators

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Target-regulating microRNAs

Target-regulating microRNAs Info

Target-interacting Proteins

Target-interacting Proteins Info

References

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REF 1

YAP1 is essential for tumor growth and is a potential therapeutic target for EGFR-dependent lung adenocarcinomas. Oncotarget. 2017 Jul 27;8(52):89539-89551.

REF 2

Solution structures of the YAP65 WW domain and the variant L30 K in complex with the peptides GTPPPPYTVG, N-(n-octyl)-GPPPY and PLPPY and the application of peptide libraries reveal a minimal binding epitope. J Mol Biol. 2001 Dec 14;314(5):1147-56.

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