Target Information
| Target General Information | Top | |||||
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| Target ID |
T75015
(Former ID: TTDI01485)
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| Target Name |
Pancreatic eIF2-alpha kinase (HsPEK)
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| Synonyms |
PERK; HsPEK; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3
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| Gene Name |
EIF2AK3
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| Target Type |
Literature-reported target
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[1] | ||||
| Function |
Metabolic-stress sensing protein kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2-alpha/EIF2S1) on 'Ser-52' during the unfolded protein response (UPR) and in response to low amino acid availability. Converts phosphorylated eIF-2-alpha/EIF2S1 either in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to a reduced overall utilization of amino acids, or to a translation initiation activator of specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activator ATF4, and hence allowing ATF4-mediated reprogramming of amino acid biosynthetic gene expression to alleviate nutrient depletion. Serves as a critical effector of unfolded protein response (UPR)-induced G1 growth arrest due to the loss of cyclin-D1 (CCND1). Involved in control of mitochondrial morphology and function.
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| UniProt ID | ||||||
| EC Number |
EC 2.7.11.1
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| Sequence |
MERAISPGLLVRALLLLLLLLGLAARTVAAGRARGLPAPTAEAAFGLGAAAAPTSATRVP
AAGAVAAAEVTVEDAEALPAAAGEQEPRGPEPDDETELRPRGRSLVIISTLDGRIAALDP ENHGKKQWDLDVGSGSLVSSSLSKPEVFGNKMIIPSLDGALFQWDQDRESMETVPFTVES LLESSYKFGDDVVLVGGKSLTTYGLSAYSGKVRYICSALGCRQWDSDEMEQEEDILLLQR TQKTVRAVGPRSGNEKWNFSVGHFELRYIPDMETRAGFIESTFKPNENTEESKIISDVEE QEAAIMDIVIKVSVADWKVMAFSKKGGHLEWEYQFCTPIASAWLLKDGKVIPISLFDDTS YTSNDDVLEDEEDIVEAARGATENSVYLGMYRGQLYLQSSVRISEKFPSSPKALESVTNE NAIIPLPTIKWKPLIHSPSRTPVLVGSDEFDKCLSNDKFSHEEYSNGALSILQYPYDNGY YLPYYKRERNKRSTQITVRFLDNPHYNKNIRKKDPVLLLHWWKEIVATILFCIIATTFIV RRLFHPHPHRQRKESETQCQTENKYDSVSGEANDSSWNDIKNSGYISRYLTDFEPIQCLG RGGFGVVFEAKNKVDDCNYAIKRIRLPNRELAREKVMREVKALAKLEHPGIVRYFNAWLE APPEKWQEKMDEIWLKDESTDWPLSSPSPMDAPSVKIRRMDPFATKEHIEIIAPSPQRSR SFSVGISCDQTSSSESQFSPLEFSGMDHEDISESVDAAYNLQDSCLTDCDVEDGTMDGND EGHSFELCPSEASPYVRSRERTSSSIVFEDSGCDNASSKEEPKTNRLHIGNHCANKLTAF KPTSSKSSSEATLSISPPRPTTLSLDLTKNTTEKLQPSSPKVYLYIQMQLCRKENLKDWM NGRCTIEERERSVCLHIFLQIAEAVEFLHSKGLMHRDLKPSNIFFTMDDVVKVGDFGLVT AMDQDEEEQTVLTPMPAYARHTGQVGTKLYMSPEQIHGNSYSHKVDIFSLGLILFELLYP FSTQMERVRTLTDVRNLKFPPLFTQKYPCEYVMVQDMLSPSPMERPEAINIIENAVFEDL DFPGKTVLRQRSRSLSSSGTKHSRQSNNSHSPLPSN Click to Show/Hide
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| 3D Structure | Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target | AlphaFold | ||||
| Cell-based Target Expression Variations | Top | |||||
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| Cell-based Target Expression Variations | ||||||
| Different Human System Profiles of Target | Top |
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Human Similarity Proteins
of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.
A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs
(Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).
Human Tissue Distribution
of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues.
The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects
(Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021).
Human Pathway Affiliation
of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.
Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes
(Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).
Biological Network Descriptors
of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database.
The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information
(Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018;
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017).
Human Similarity Proteins
Human Tissue Distribution
Human Pathway Affiliation
Biological Network Descriptors
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Note:
If a protein has TS (tissue specficity) scores at least in one tissue >= 2.5, this protein is called tissue-enriched (including tissue-enriched-but-not-specific and tissue-specific). In the plots, the vertical lines are at thresholds 2.5 and 4.
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| KEGG Pathway | Pathway ID | Affiliated Target | Pathway Map |
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| Mitophagy - animal | hsa04137 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Cellular Processes => Transport and catabolism | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Autophagy - animal | hsa04140 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Cellular Processes => Transport and catabolism | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum | hsa04141 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Genetic Information Processing => Folding, sorting and degradation | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Apoptosis | hsa04210 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Cellular Processes => Cell growth and death | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Degree | 5 | Degree centrality | 5.37E-04 | Betweenness centrality | 6.02E-05 |
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| Closeness centrality | 2.14E-01 | Radiality | 1.37E+01 | Clustering coefficient | 2.00E-01 |
| Neighborhood connectivity | 3.24E+01 | Topological coefficient | 2.12E-01 | Eccentricity | 12 |
| Download | Click to Download the Full PPI Network of This Target | ||||
| Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target | Top |
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| Target Poor or Non Binders | Top | |||||
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| Target Poor or Non Binders | ||||||
| References | Top | |||||
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| REF 1 | Autophagy and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)/eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha kinase (eIF2) pathway protect ovari... Mol Carcinog. 2016 Apr;55(4):346-56. | |||||
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