Target Information

Target General Information

Target ID

T02134 (Former ID: TTDR00615)

Target Name

Glutamate--cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM)

Synonyms

Glutamate--cysteine ligase modifier subunit; Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase regulatory subunit; Gamma-ECS regulatory subunit; GCS light chain

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Gene Name

GCLM

Target Type

Literature-reported target

[1]

Disease

[+] 2 Target-related Diseases

Malaria [ICD-11: 1F40-1F45]

Solid tumour/cancer [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z]

Function

cytosol, glutamate-cysteine ligase complex, enzyme regulator activity, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit binding, glutamate metabolic process, glutathione biosynthetic process, positive regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity, regulation of blood vessel size, response to drug, response to oxidative stress.

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BioChemical Class

Aldo/keto reductase family

UniProt ID

GSH0_HUMAN

Sequence

MGTDSRAAKALLARARTLHLQTGNLLNWGRLRKKCPSTHSEELHDCIQKTLNEWSSQINP
DLVREFPDVLECTVSHAVEKINPDEREEMKVSAKLFIVESNSSSSTRSAVDMACSVLGVA
QLDSVIIASPPIEDGVNLSLEHLQPYWEELENLVQSKKIVAIGTSDLDKTQLEQLYQWAQ
VKPNSNQVNLASCCVMPPDLTAFAKQFDIQLLTHNDPKELLSEASFQEALQESIPDIQAH
EWVPLWLLRYSVIVKSRGIIKSKGYILQAKRRGS

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Cell-based Target Expression Variations

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Cell-based Target Expression Variations

Cell-based Target Expression Variations Info

Different Human System Profiles of Target	Top
Human Similarity Proteins of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target. A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs (Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020). Human Tissue Distribution of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues. The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects (Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021). Human Pathway Affiliation of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function. Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes (Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006). Biological Network Descriptors of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database. The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information (Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018; Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017). Human Similarity Proteins Human Tissue Distribution Human Pathway Affiliation Biological Network Descriptors

Different Human System Profiles of Target

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Human Similarity Proteins of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.

A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs (Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).

Human Tissue Distribution of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues.

The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects (Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021).

Human Pathway Affiliation of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.

Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes (Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).

Biological Network Descriptors of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database.

The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information (Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018; Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017).

Human Similarity Proteins

Human Tissue Distribution

Human Pathway Affiliation

Biological Network Descriptors

There is no similarity protein (E value < 0.005) for this target


Note: If a protein has TS (tissue specficity) scores at least in one tissue >= 2.5, this protein is called tissue-enriched (including tissue-enriched-but-not-specific and tissue-specific). In the plots, the vertical lines are at thresholds 2.5 and 4.

KEGG Pathway	Pathway ID	Affiliated Target
Cysteine and methionine metabolism	hsa00270	Affiliated Target
Class: Metabolism => Amino acid metabolism	Pathway Hierarchy
Glutathione metabolism	hsa00480	Affiliated Target
Class: Metabolism => Metabolism of other amino acids	Pathway Hierarchy
Ferroptosis	hsa04216	Affiliated Target
Class: Cellular Processes => Cell growth and death	Pathway Hierarchy

Degree	5	Degree centrality	5.37E-04	Betweenness centrality	2.72E-05
Closeness centrality	1.55E-01	Radiality	1.22E+01	Clustering coefficient	7.00E-01
Neighborhood connectivity	5.60E+00	Topological coefficient	4.31E-01	Eccentricity	14
Download	Click to Download the Full PPI Network of This Target

Drug Property Profile of Target

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(1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering

(2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering

(3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering

(4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering

(5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering

(6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering

"RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five

Target Affiliated Biological Pathways

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KEGG Pathway

[+] 2 KEGG Pathways

Glutathione metabolism

Metabolic pathways

Pathwhiz Pathway

[+] 3 Pathwhiz Pathways

Glutamate Metabolism

Glutathione Metabolism

Cysteine Metabolism

WikiPathways

[+] 8 WikiPathways

Transcriptional activation by NRF2

NRF2 pathway

Nuclear Receptors Meta-Pathway

Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives

Trans-sulfuration and one carbon metabolism

Trans-sulfuration pathway

Phase II conjugation

Glutathione metabolism

References

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REF 1

How many drug targets are there Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6.

REF 2

Novel molecular targets for antimalarial chemotherapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007 Jul;30(1):4-10.

REF 3

The gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase of Onchocerca volvulus. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2000 Dec;111(2):243-51.

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