Drug Information
| Drug General Information | Top | |||
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| Drug ID |
D0TG1H
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| Former ID |
DIB001554
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| Drug Name |
Diclofenac
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| Synonyms |
Diclofenac (sodium matrix patch, pain)
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| Drug Type |
Small molecular drug
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| Indication | Osteoarthritis [ICD-11: FA00-FA05] | Approved | [1] | |
| Therapeutic Class |
Neurology Agents
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| Company |
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp
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| Structure |
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Download2D MOL |
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| Formula |
C14H11Cl2NO2
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| Canonical SMILES |
C1=CC=C(C(=C1)CC(=O)O)NC2=C(C=CC=C2Cl)Cl
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| InChI |
1S/C14H11Cl2NO2/c15-10-5-3-6-11(16)14(10)17-12-7-2-1-4-9(12)8-13(18)19/h1-7,17H,8H2,(H,18,19)
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| InChIKey |
DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| CAS Number |
CAS 15307-86-5
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| PubChem Compound ID | ||||
| PubChem Substance ID |
4831, 641516, 827876, 832709, 837582, 5394317, 7887044, 7979066, 8027112, 8149635, 8151929, 10509002, 11335447, 11335577, 11360686, 11360816, 11363824, 11364719, 11366386, 11367281, 11368948, 11369843, 11371489, 11372884, 11374190, 11375443, 11377110, 11378007, 11461658, 11461788, 11466622, 11467742, 11484817, 11486423, 11488807, 11490201, 11492321, 11494744, 14873560, 24424557, 29214789, 29222179, 46393862, 46504644, 46513484, 47365081, 47365082, 47662173, 47885304, 48184892
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| ChEBI ID |
CHEBI:47381
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| ADReCS Drug ID | BADD_D00653 ; BADD_D00655 ; BADD_D00656 ; BADD_D02367 | |||
| Interaction between the Drug and Microbe | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Metabolism of Drug Affected by Studied Microbe(s) | ||||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bacteroidales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Microbial Enzyme | Beta glucuronidase | |||
| Metabolic Reaction | Hydrolysis | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase toxicity | |||
| Description | Diclofenac can be metabolized by the beta glucuronidase of Bacteroides through hydrolysis, which results in the increase of the drug's toxicity. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bifidobacteriales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Bifidobacterium
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|
[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Microbial Enzyme | Beta glucuronidase | |||
| Metabolic Reaction | Hydrolysis | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase toxicity | |||
| Description | Diclofenac can be metabolized by the beta glucuronidase of Bifidobacterium through hydrolysis, which results in the increase of the drug's toxicity. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Enterobacterales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Escherichia coli
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[3], [4], [5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Metabolic Reaction | Hydrolysis | |||
| Resulting Metabolite | Diclofenac glucuronide | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase side effect (gut ulcer) | |||
| Description | Diclofenac can be metabolized to Diclofenac glucuronide by Escherichia coli through hydrolysis, which results in the increase of the drug's side effect (gut ulcer). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Eubacteriales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Clostridium
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Microbial Enzyme | Beta glucuronidase | |||
| Metabolic Reaction | Hydrolysis | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase toxicity | |||
| Description | Diclofenac can be metabolized by the beta glucuronidase of Clostridium through hydrolysis, which results in the increase of the drug's toxicity. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Gut microbiota | ||||
| Studied Microbe: Gut microbiota unspecific | [6], [7] | |||
| Microbial Enzyme | Beta glucuronidase | |||
| Metabolic Reaction | Beta-glucuronidation | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase toxicity | |||
| Description | Diclofenac can be metabolized by the beta glucuronidase of gut microbiota through beta-glucuronidation, which results in the increase of the drug's toxicity. | |||
| Target and Pathway | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target(s) | Prostaglandin G/H synthase (COX) | Target Info | Modulator | [1], [8] |
| References | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| REF 1 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015 | |||
| REF 2 | Gut microbiota modulates drug pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Rev. 2018 Aug;50(3):357-368. | |||
| REF 3 | Gut microbiome interactions with drug metabolism, efficacy, and toxicity. Transl Res. 2017 Jan;179:204-222. | |||
| REF 4 | Old drug new use--amoxapine and its metabolites as potent bacterial Beta-glucuronidase inhibitors for alleviating cancer drug toxicity. Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Jul 1;20(13):3521-30. | |||
| REF 5 | Pharmacologic targeting of bacterial Beta-glucuronidase alleviates nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012 May;341(2):447-54. | |||
| REF 6 | Potential Implications of Gut Microbiota in Drug Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability. Pharmacotherapy. 2020 Jul;40(7):704-712. | |||
| REF 7 | The microbial pharmacists within us: a metagenomic view of xenobiotic metabolism. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2016 Apr;14(5):273-87. | |||
| REF 8 | Diclofenac and NS-398, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, decrease agonist-induced contractions of the pig isolated ureter. Urol Res. 2000 Dec;28(6):376-82. | |||
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