Drug Information
| Drug General Information | Top | |||
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| Drug ID |
D03UVS
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| Former ID |
DAP001246
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| Drug Name |
Gemcitabine
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| Synonyms |
Gemcitabine hydrochloride; DDFC; DFdC; DFdCyd; Folfugem; GEO; Gamcitabine; GemLip; Gemcel; Gemcin; Gemcitabina; Gemcitabinum; Gemtro; Gemzar; Zefei; Gemcitabine HCl; Gemcitabine stereoisomer; LY 188011; LY188011; Gemcitabina [INN-Spanish]; Gemcitabinum [INN-Latin]; Gemzar (TN); Gemzar (hydrochloride); Inno-D07001; LY-188011; Gemcitabine (USAN/INN)
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| Drug Type |
Small molecular drug
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| Indication | Solid tumour/cancer [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z; ICD-10: C76-C80; ICD-9: 140-229] | Approved | [1], [2] | |
| Therapeutic Class |
Anticancer Agents
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| Company |
Eli Lilly
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| Structure |
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Download2D MOL |
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| Formula |
C9H11F2N3O4
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| Canonical SMILES |
C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)CO)O)(F)F
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| InChI |
1S/C9H11F2N3O4/c10-9(11)6(16)4(3-15)18-7(9)14-2-1-5(12)13-8(14)17/h1-2,4,6-7,15-16H,3H2,(H2,12,13,17)/t4-,6-,7-/m1/s1
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| InChIKey |
SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N
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| CAS Number |
CAS 95058-81-4
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| PubChem Compound ID | ||||
| PubChem Substance ID |
9852, 597200, 829253, 7849427, 7887820, 7979381, 8187035, 15197115, 15221618, 24769903, 24875076, 43118104, 46506425, 49684285, 49835789, 49960194, 50298729, 53787881, 56311575, 56312523, 56312627, 56312648, 56313191, 56313205, 56313872, 57304498, 57314089, 60815357, 87322653, 92308986, 103233471, 104321551, 117682518, 121264498, 124893555, 127340623, 127340624, 129221764, 134338484, 135022769, 135684653, 136367931, 136369166, 137001852, 142312486, 143493338, 144116012, 152059722, 152240379, 152258737
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| ChEBI ID |
CHEBI:175901
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| ADReCS Drug ID | BADD_D01009 ; BADD_D01010 | |||
| SuperDrug ATC ID |
L01BC05
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| SuperDrug CAS ID |
cas=095058814
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| Interaction between the Drug and Microbe | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Metabolism of Drug Affected by Studied Microbe(s) | ||||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Enterobacterales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Escherichia coli Nissle 1917
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[3] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Metabolic Reaction | Acetylation | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Decrease activity | |||
| Description | Gemcitabine can be metabolized by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 through acetylation, which results in the decrease of the drug's activity. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Mycoplasmatales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Mycoplasma
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[4] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Microbial Enzyme | Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase and cytidine deaminase | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Decrease activity | |||
| Description | Gemcitabine can be metabolized by the pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase and cytidine deaminase of Mycoplasma, which results in the decrease of the drug's activity. | |||
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Studied Microbe: Mycoplasma hyorhinis
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Metabolic Effect | Decrease activity | |||
| Description | Gemcitabine can be metabolized by Mycoplasma hyorhinis, which results in the decrease of the drug's activity. | |||
| The Abundace of Studied Microbe(s) Regulated by Drug | ||||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bacteroidales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides acidifaciens
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[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | Mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides acidifaciens was decreased by Gemcitabine. | |||
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Studied Microbe: Prevotella copri
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Prevotella copri was decreased by Gemcitabine (adjusted p-values: 4.38E-04). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Enterobacterales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Escherichia coli
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|
[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | Mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | |||
| Description | The abundance of Escherichia coli was increased by Gemcitabine. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Eubacteriales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Clostridium perfringens
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|
[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Clostridium perfringens was decreased by Gemcitabine (adjusted p-values: 2.50E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Lachnospiraceae
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[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | Mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | |||
| Description | The abundance of Lachnospiraceae was decreased by Gemcitabine. | |||
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Studied Microbe: Peptoclostridium difficile
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[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | Mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | |||
| Description | The abundance of Peptoclostridium difficile was increased by Gemcitabine. | |||
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Studied Microbe: Ruminococcaceae
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[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | Mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | |||
| Description | The abundance of Ruminococcaceae was decreased by Gemcitabine. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Lactobacillales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Lactobacillus animalis
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[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | Mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | |||
| Description | The abundance of Lactobacillus animalis was decreased by Gemcitabine. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Verrucomicrobiales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Akkermansia muciniphila
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|
[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | Mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | |||
| Description | The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila was increased by Gemcitabine. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Gut microbiota | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroidales
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|
[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | Mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroidales was decreased by Gemcitabine. | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroidetes
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|
[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | Mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroidetes was decreased by Gemcitabine. | |||
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Studied Microbe: Firmicutes
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[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | Mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | |||
| Description | The abundance of Firmicutes was decreased by Gemcitabine. | |||
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Studied Microbe: Proteobacteria
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[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | Mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | |||
| Description | The abundance of Proteobacteria was increased by Gemcitabine. | |||
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Studied Microbe: Verrucomicrobia
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|
[6] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | Mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | |||
| Description | The abundance of Verrucomicrobia was increased by Gemcitabine. | |||
| Drug Resistance Mutation (DRM) | Top | |||
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| DRM | DRM Info | |||
| References | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| REF 1 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4793). | |||
| REF 2 | Emerging drugs in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2008 Jun;13(2):345-61. | |||
| REF 3 | Local bacteria affect the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Sci Rep. 2015 Sep 29;5:14554. | |||
| REF 4 | Gut microbiota modulation of chemotherapy efficacy and toxicity. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Jun;14(6):356-365. | |||
| REF 5 | Drug pharmacomicrobiomics and toxicomicrobiomics: from scattered reports to systematic studies of drug-microbiome interactions. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2018 Oct;14(10):1043-1055. | |||
| REF 6 | Influence of gemcitabine chemotherapy on the microbiota of pancreatic cancer xenografted mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2018 Apr;81(4):773-782. | |||
| REF 7 | Extensive impact of non-antibiotic drugs on human gut bacteria. Nature. 2018 Mar 29;555(7698):623-628. | |||
| REF 8 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. | |||
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